<2>集腋成裘

标量项:

[root@wx03 2]# cat a1.pl
unshift(@INC,"/root/big/2");
use Horse;;
print $Horse::days;
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# cat Horse.pm
package Horse;
our $days="test111";
1;

$Horse::days; 访问Horse 包中的变量$days

有时候你想为"所有名叫foo的东西"(无论他的印记是什么)起一个名字

。为此, 符号团记录可以有一个*作为前缀,这里的星号(*)表示所有其

他的印记。

这些称为类型团(typeglobs)

perl main包:

[root@wx03 2]# cat a2.pl
$bert="aa";
print "\$bert is $bert\n";
print "\$::bert is $::bert\n";
print $main::bert;
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a2.pl
$bert is aa
$::bert is aa
aa

2.6.3  选择自己的引号:

` ` qx// 执行命令 是

[root@wx03 2]# cat a4.pl
@arr=`ls -ltr`;
print @arr;
print "\n";

@arr=qx/ls -ltr/;
print @arr;
print "\n";

[root@wx03 2]# cat a5.pl
print __LINE__;
print "\n";
print __FILE__;
print "\n";
print __LINE__;
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a5.pl
1
a5.pl
5

__LINE__  当前行号

__FILE__  当前文件

[root@wx03 2]# cat a6.pl
print __PACKAGE__;
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a6.pl
main

当前包为main包

[root@wx03 2]# cat a7.pl
print "111111111\n";
print "222222222\n";
print __END__;
print "333333333\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a7.pl
111111111
222222222
[root@wx03 2]# 

END 可以用于真正的文件结束符之前表示搅拌的逻辑结束,

任何后面的文本都被忽略

[root@wx03 2]# cat a8.pl
sub funkshun{
return(a1,a2,a3)};

$x=funkshun();

print "\$x is $x\n";

@x=funkshun();
print "\@x is @x\n";

[root@wx03 2]# perl a8.pl
$x is a3
@x is a1 a2 a3

2.7.3  空（void ）环境:

[root@wx03 2]# cat a9.pl
$stuff = ( "one", "two", "three");
print "\$stuff is $stuff\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a9.pl
$stuff is three

只是把值"three" 赋予了变量$stuff

[root@wx03 2]# cat a10.pl
@stuff = ("one", "two", "three");
print "\@stuff is @stuff\n";

$stuff = @stuff;
print "\$stuff is $stuff\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a10.pl
@stuff is one two three
$stuff is 3

[root@wx03 2]# cat a11.pl
@stuff=(1,2,3);
@nonsense=(4,5,6);
sub funkshun{
return 100;

};

@arr=(@stuff,@nonsense,funkshun());
print @arr;
print "\n";
print $arr[6];
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a11.pl
123456100
100

[root@wx03 2]# cat a12.pl
%map = (
red => 0xff0000,
green => 0x00ff00,
blue => 0x0000ff,
);

print $map{red};
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl a12.pl
16711680

初始化任何当作记录使用的匿名散列引用：

[root@wx03 2]# cat t1.pl
$rec = {
NAME => 'John Simth',
RANK => 'Captain',
SERNO => '951413',
};

print $rec->{NAME};
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl t1.pl
John Simth

或者用命名的参数激活复杂的函数：

2.10  型团（typeglob）

Perl 里面有种特殊的类型叫类型团（typeglob）用以保留整个符号表

记录。（符号表记录
*foo 包括 $foo， @foo， %foo，&foo 和其他几个 foo 的简单解释

值。）类型团
（typeglob）的类型前缀上一个 *，因为它代表所有类型。

[root@wx03 2]# cat t3.pl
$fh=*var;
$var=aa;
print "\$fh is $fh\n";

print "\$fh is $$fh\n";

[root@wx03 2]# perl t3.pl
$fh is *main::var
$fh is aa

[root@wx03 2]# cat t3.pl
$fh=*var;
$var=aa;
print "\$fh is $fh\n";

print "\$fh is $$fh\n";

$bar="bbb";
*foo = \$bar;
print "\$foo is $foo\n";

$a1="aaaa111";
*foo=\$a1;
print $foo;
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl t3.pl
$fh is *main::var
$fh is aa
$foo is bbb
aaaa111

符号表就是引用:

[root@wx03 2]# cat t4.pl
$bar="abc123";
*foo=\$bar;
print *foo;
print "\n";

print $foo;
print "\n";
[root@wx03 2]# perl t4.pl
*main::foo
abc123

2.11.2  行输入（尖角）操作符
[root@wx03 2]# cat t5.pl
while ($_ = <STDIN>) { print $_; };
[root@wx03 2]# perl t5.pl
1
1
33
33