CentOs5.8下安装Oracle12C

12C安装向导：

http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LTDQI/toc.htm

12C下载地址：

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

1.安装Oracle依赖包

使用yum安装Oracle12C依赖，标注32 bit不需安装。没有yum环境的这些包可以在操作系统安装介质中查找。这些需要的安装依赖包可以在Oracle提供的12C在线安装文档中找到。操作系统版本不同，所需要的依赖包略有差别。

binutils-2.17.50.0.
compat-libstdc++--3.2.
compat-libstdc++--3.2. ( bit)
gcc-4.1.
gcc-c++-4.1.
glibc-2.5-
glibc-2.5- ( bit)
glibc-devel-2.5-
glibc-devel-2.5- ( bit)
ksh
libaio-0.3.
libaio-0.3. ( bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.
libaio-devel-0.3. ( bit)
libgcc-4.1.
libgcc-4.1. ( bit)
libstdc++-4.1.
libstdc++-4.1. ( bit)
libstdc++-devel 4.1.
libXext-1.0.
libXext-1.0. ( bit)
libXtst-1.0.
libXtst-1.0. ( bit)
libX11-1.0.
libX11-1.0. ( bit)
libXau-1.0.
libXau-1.0. ( bit)
libXi-1.0.
libXi-1.0. ( bit)
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.

2. 创建用户及组

[root@edu ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@edu ~]# groupadd dba
[root@edu ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@edu ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.修改系统内核参数

使用vi命令修改配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf,使用/sbin/sysctl –p命令使内核配置生效。

fs.aio-max-nr =
fs.file-max =
kernel.shmall =
kernel.shmmax =
kernel.shmmni =
kernel.sem =
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =
net.core.rmem_default =
net.core.rmem_max =
net.core.wmem_default =
net.core.wmem_max = 

4.修改用户资源限制

使用vi命令修改配置文件/etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nofile
oracle hard nofile
oracle soft nproc
oracle hard nproc
oracle stack nproc 

5.创建安装目录

[root@edu ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app
[root@edu ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@edu ~]# chmod -R  /u01
[root@edu ~]# ls -ld /u01/app/
drwxrwxr-x  oracle oinstall  Jan  : /u01/app/
[root@edu ~]#

6.配置Oracle用户环境变量

修改Oracle下的.bash_profile文件，不同的shell名称会有区别。source .bash_profile使修改生效。

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app;export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1./dbhome_1     export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=ORCL;export ORACLE_SID
TMP=/tmp;export TMP
TMPDIR=/tmp;export TMPDIR
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH
DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY

7. 解压执行安装Oracle12C软件

按照提示以root身份执行以下脚本：

[root@edu /]# /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@edu /]# /u01/app/product/12.1./dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c 

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/product/12.1./dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

8.使用dbca创建数据库

在Oracle用户下直接执行dbca命令：

9.使用netca创建监听

10.验证数据库及监听安装

[oracle@edu database]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1. Production on Fri Jan  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1. - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select banner from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1. - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1. - Production
CORE    12.1.0.1.    Production
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1. - Production
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1. – Production

[oracle@edu database]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1. - Production on -JAN- ::

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=edu.localdomain)(PORT=)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1. - Production
Start Date                -JAN- ::
Uptime                     days  hr.  min.  sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/product/12.1./dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/diag/tnslsnr/edu/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=edu.localdomain)(PORT=)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=edu.localdomain)(PORT=))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/admin/ORCL/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has  instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has  handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has  instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has  handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

至此我们的Oracle12c数据库安装成功！