Java中解决多线程数据安全问题

同步代码块

基本语句

synchronized (任意对象) {

操作共享代码

}

代码示例

public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
    private int tickets = 100;
    private Object object = new Object();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            synchronized (object) {
                if (tickets > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                    tickets--;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SellTicket sellTicket = new SellTicket();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口1");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口2");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口3");
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }
}

优缺点：

• 解决了多线程的数据安全问题
• 多线程时，每个线程都会判断同步上的锁，耗费资源，降低了程序的运行效率

同步方法

同步方法：将synchronized关键字加到方法上

• 格式: 修饰符 synchronized 返回值类型 方法名(){ }
• 同步方法的锁对象是this

同步静态方法，就是把synchronized关键字加到静态方法上

• 格式: 修饰符 static synchronized 返回值类型 方法名(){ }
• 同步静态方法的锁对象是 类名.class

代码示例

public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
//    private int tickets = 100;
    private static int tickets = 100;
    private Object object = new Object();
    private int x = 0;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (x % 2 == 0) {
//                synchronized (object) {
//                synchronized (this) {
                synchronized (SellTicket.class) {
                    if (tickets > 0) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(100);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                        tickets--;
                    }
                }
            } else {
//                synchronized (object) {
//                    if (tickets > 0) {
//                        try {
//                            Thread.sleep(100);
//                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                            e.printStackTrace();
//                        }
//                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
//                        tickets--;
//                    }
//                }
                sellTicket();
            }
            x++;
        }
    }

//    private void sellTicket(){
//        synchronized (object) {
//            if (tickets > 0) {
//                try {
//                    Thread.sleep(100);
//                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                    e.printStackTrace();
//                }
//                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
//                tickets--;
//            }
//        }
//    }

//    private synchronized void sellTicket(){
//            if (tickets > 0) {
//                try {
//                    Thread.sleep(100);
//                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                    e.printStackTrace();
//                }
//                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
//                tickets--;
//            }
    private static synchronized void sellTicket(){
        if (tickets > 0) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
            tickets--;
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SellTicket sellTicket = new SellTicket();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口1");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口2");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口3");
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }
}

lock锁

lock实现提供比使用synchronized方法和语句可获得更广泛的操作

• void lock()获得锁
• void unlock()释放

lock是接口不能直接实例化，采用实现类实例化ReentrantLock

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SellTicket implements Runnable {
    private int tickets = 100;
    private Object object = new Object();
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                if (tickets > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在出售第" + tickets + "张票");
                    tickets--;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();

            }
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SellTicket sellTicket = new SellTicket();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口1");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口2");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(sellTicket, "窗口3");
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }
}