python selenium 基础框架

base_page.py

 # coding=utf-8
 import time
 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
 import os.path
 from unittest3.framework.logger import Logger

 # create a logger instance
 logger = Logger(logger="BasePage").getlog()

 class BasePage(object):
     """
     定义一个页面基类，让所有页面都继承这个类，封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类
     """

     def __init__(self, driver):
         self.driver = driver

         # quit browser and end testing

     def quit_browser(self):
         self.driver.quit()

         # 浏览器前进操作

     def forward(self):
         self.driver.forward()
         logger.info("Click forward on current page.")

         # 浏览器后退操作

     def back(self):
         self.driver.back()
         logger.info("Click back on current page.")

         # 隐式等待

     def wait(self, seconds):
         self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)
         logger.info("wait for %d seconds." % seconds)

         # 点击关闭当前窗口

     def close(self):
         try:
             self.driver.close()
             logger.info("Closing and quit the browser.")
         except NameError as e:
             logger.error("Failed to quit the browser with %s" % e)

             # 保存图片

     def get_windows_img(self):
         """
         在这里我们把file_path这个参数写死，直接保存到我们项目根目录的一个文件夹.\Screenshots下
         """
         file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('.')) + '/screenshots/'
         rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M', time.localtime(time.time()))
         screen_name = file_path + rq + '.png'
         try:
             self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name)
             logger.info("Had take screenshot and save to folder : /screenshots")
         except NameError as e:
             logger.error("Failed to take screenshot! %s" % e)
             self.get_windows_img()

             # 定位元素方法

     def find_element(self, selector):
         """
          这个地方为什么是根据=>来切割字符串，请看页面里定位元素的方法
          submit_btn = "id=>su"
          login_lnk = "xpath => //*[@id='u1']/a[7]"  # 百度首页登录链接定位
          如果采用等号，结果很多xpath表达式中包含一个=，这样会造成切割不准确，影响元素定位
         :param selector:
         :return: element
         """
         element = ''
         if '=>' not in selector:
             return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector)
         selector_by = selector.split('=>')[0]
         selector_value = selector.split('=>')[1]

         if selector_by == "i" or selector_by == 'id':
             try:
                 element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
                 logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful "
                             "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value))
             except NoSuchElementException as e:
                 logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
                 self.get_windows_img()  # take screenshot
         elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name':
             element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value)
         elif selector_by == "c" or selector_by == 'class_name':
             element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value)
         elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == 'link_text':
             element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value)
         elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text':
             element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value)
         elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == 'tag_name':
             element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value)
         elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath':
             try:
                 element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value)
                 logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful "
                             "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value))
             except NoSuchElementException as e:
                 logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
                 self.get_windows_img()
         elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == 'selector_selector':
             element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
         else:
             raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.")

         return element

         # 输入

     def type(self, selector, text):

         el = self.find_element(selector)
         el.clear()
         try:
             el.send_keys(text)
             logger.info("Had type \' %s \' in inputBox" % text)
         except NameError as e:
             logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" % e)
             self.get_windows_img()

             # 清除文本框

     def clear(self, selector):

         el = self.find_element(selector)
         try:
             el.clear()
             logger.info("Clear text in input box before typing.")
         except NameError as e:
             logger.error("Failed to clear in input box with %s" % e)
             self.get_windows_img()

             # 点击元素

     def click(self, selector):

         el = self.find_element(selector)
         try:
             el.click()
             logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % el.text)
         except NameError as e:
             logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e)

             # 或者网页标题

     def get_page_title(self):
         logger.info("Current page title is %s" % self.driver.title)
         return self.driver.title

     @staticmethod
     def sleep(seconds):
         time.sleep(seconds)
         logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds)  

browser_engine.py

 # coding=utf-8
 from selenium import webdriver

 class BrowserEngine(object):
     """
     定义一个浏览器引擎类，根据browser_type的值去，控制启动不同的浏览器，这里主要是IE，Firefox, Chrome

     """

     def __init__(self, driver):
         self.driver = driver

     browser_type = "Chrome"  # maybe Firefox, Chrome, IE

     def get_browser(self):
         """
         通过if语句，来控制初始化不同浏览器的启动，默认是启动Chrome
         :return: driver
         """

         if self.browser_type == 'Firefox':
             driver = webdriver.Firefox()
         elif self.browser_type == 'Chrome':
             driver = webdriver.Chrome()
         elif self.browser_type == 'IE':
             driver = webdriver.Ie()
         else:
             driver = webdriver.Chrome()

         # driver.maximize_window()
         driver.implicitly_wait(10)
         driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
         return driver

logger.py

 # _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
 import logging
 import os.path
 import time

 class Logger(object):
     def __init__(self, logger):
         """
         指定保存日志的文件路径，日志级别，以及调用文件
             将日志存入到指定的文件中
         :param logger:
         """
         # 创建一个logger
         self.logger = logging.getLogger(logger)
         self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

         # 创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件
         rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M', time.localtime(time.time()))
         log_path = os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()) + '/Logs/'
         log_name = log_path + rq + '.log'
         fh = logging.FileHandler(log_name)
         fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)

         # 再创建一个handler，用于输出到控制台
         ch = logging.StreamHandler()
         ch.setLevel(logging.INFO)

         # 定义handler的输出格式
         formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
         fh.setFormatter(formatter)
         ch.setFormatter(formatter)

         # 给logger添加handler
         self.logger.addHandler(fh)
         self.logger.addHandler(ch)

     def getlog(self):
         return self.logger

baidu_homepage.py

# coding=utf-8
from unittest3.framework.base_page import BasePage

class HomePage(BasePage):
    input_box = "id=>kw"
    search_submit_btn = "xpath=>//*[@id='su']"

    def type_search(self, text):
        self.type(self.input_box, text)

    def send_submit_btn(self):
        self.click(self.search_submit_btn)

测试类代码 baidu_search.py

# coding=utf-8
import time
import unittest
from selenium import  webdriver
from unittest3.page_object.baidu_homepage import HomePage
from unittest3.framework.browser_engine import BrowserEngine

class BaiduSearch(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        """
        测试固件的setUp()的代码，主要是测试的前提准备工作
        :return:
        """
        # 添加如下代码，可运行
        # -------------------------------------------
        # browse = BrowserEngine(self)
        # self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        # self.driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
        #-------------------------------------------
        # 修改代码可以执行
        browse = BrowserEngine(self)
        self.driver=browse.get_browser()

    def tearDown(self):
        """
        测试结束后的操作，这里基本上都是关闭浏览器
        :return:
        """
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_baidu_search(self):
        """
        这里一定要test开头，把测试逻辑代码封装到一个test开头的方法里。
        :return:
        """
        homepage = HomePage(self.driver)
        homepage.type_search('selenium')  # 调用页面对象中的方法
        homepage.send_submit_btn()  # 调用页面对象类中的点击搜索按钮方法
        time.sleep(2)
        homepage.get_windows_img()  # 调用基类截图方法
        try:
            assert 'selenium' in homepage.get_page_title()  # 调用页面对象继承基类中的获取页面标题方法
            print('Test Pass.')
        except Exception as e:
            print('Test Fail.', format(e))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()