CentOS 6.9上inotify-tools 安装及使用方法

文章目录

[隐藏]

• 一、检查系统内核版本
• 三、下载安装（下载有点慢）
• 四、查看inotify默认参数
• 五、修改inotify参数
• 六、创建实时监控脚本 （file 里面放的需要监听的目录）
• 七：实例操作
• 八、附

Linux内核从2.6.13开始，引入了inotify机制。通过intofity机制，能够对文件系统的变化进行监控，如对文件进行创建、删除、修改等操作，可以及时通知应用程序进行相关事件的处理。这种响应处理机制，避免了频繁的文件轮询任务，提高了任务的处理效率。

一、检查系统内核版本

[root@localhost tan]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64

二、检查系统是否支持inotify

[root@localhost tan]# ls -lsart /proc/sys/fs/inotify
total 0
0 dr-xr-xr-x 0 root root 0 Jan 17 08:47 ..
0 dr-xr-xr-x 0 root root 0 Jan 17 08:53 .
0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 19 13:33 max_user_watches
0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 19 13:33 max_queued_events
0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 19 13:40 max_user_instances
[root@localhost tan]#

如果出现上面结果说明系统支持inotify。

三、下载安装（下载有点慢）

[root@localhost tan]#wget http://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz  

[root@localhost tan]# tar -zvxf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
[root@localhost tan]# cd inotify-tools-3.14  

[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/inotify
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# make
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# make install

四、查看inotify默认参数

[root@localhost bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_queued_events
fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384  

[root@localhost bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_user_watches
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 8192
fs.epoll.max_user_watches = 798863  

[root@localhost bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_user_instances
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 128

五、修改inotify参数

1、命令修改

[root@localhost bin]# sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_instances=130
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 130

2、文件修改

[root@localhost]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#添加如下代码
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=130

3、参数说明

• max_user_instances：每个用户创建inotify实例最大值
• max_queued_events：inotify队列最大长度，如果值太小，会出现错误，导致监控文件不准确
• max_user_watches：要知道同步的文件包含的目录数，可以用：
  [root@localhost]# find /home/rain -type d|wc -l 统计，必须保证参数值大于统计结果（/home/tan/uploadFile/为同步文件目录）。

六、创建实时监控脚本 （file 里面放的需要监听的目录）

[root@localhost shell]# vi inotify.sh
/usr/local/inotify/bin/inotifywait -mrq -e modify,create,move,delete --fromfile '/root/shell/file' --timefmt '%y-%m-%d %H:%M' --format '%T %w%f %e' --outfile '/home/tan/inotify.log'

[root@localhost shell]# vi file 

/home/tan
@/home/tan/uploadFile

inotifywait常用参数：

• –timefmt 时间格式
• %y年 %m月 %d日 %H小时 %M分钟
• –format 输出格式
• %T时间 %w路径 %f文件名 %e状态
• -m 始终保持监听状态，默认触发事件即退出。
• -r 递归查询目录
• -q 打印出监控事件
• -e 定义监控的事件，可用参数：
• open 打开文件
• access 访问文件
• modify 修改文件
• delete 删除文件
• create 新建文件
• attrb 属性变更

事件  描述

access  访问，读取文件。
modify  修改，文件内容被修改。
attrib  属性，文件元数据被修改。
move    移动，对文件进行移动操作。
create  创建，生成新文件
open    打开，对文件进行打开操作。
close   关闭，对文件进行关闭操作。
delete  删除，文件被删除。

七：实例操作

1、首先启动监听脚本，权限问题的话先：chmod 755 inotify.sh

[root@localhost shell]# ./inotify.sh

我在监听的目录中上传文件,没截图，自己想象吧

[root@localhost tan]# cat inotify.log
18-01-19 15:07 /home/tan/uploadfile/test//ssh.txt CREATE
18-01-19 15:13 /home/tan/uploadfile/test/QQ20180119143826.png CREATE

这里可以看到打印的日志了。

八、附

1、inotifywait

使用方法和参数说明： 使用命令help就行

[root@localhost bin]# ./inotifywait -h
inotifywait 3.14
Wait for a particular event on a file or set of files.
Usage: inotifywait [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ file3 ] [ ... ]
Options:
        -h|--help       Show this help text.
        @<file>         Exclude the specified file from being watched.
        --exclude <pattern>
                        Exclude all events on files matching the
                        extended regular expression <pattern>.
        --excludei <pattern>
                        Like --exclude but case insensitive.
        -m|--monitor    Keep listening for events forever.  Without
                        this option, inotifywait will exit after one
                        event is received.
        -d|--daemon     Same as --monitor, except run in the background
                        logging events to a file specified by --outfile.
                        Implies --syslog.
        -r|--recursive  Watch directories recursively.
        --fromfile <file>
                        Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.
        -o|--outfile <file>
                        Print events to <file> rather than stdout.
        -s|--syslog     Send errors to syslog rather than stderr.
        -q|--quiet      Print less (only print events).
        -qq             Print nothing (not even events).
        --format <fmt>  Print using a specified printf-like format
                        string; read the man page for more details.
        --timefmt <fmt> strftime-compatible format string for use with
                        %T in --format string.
        -c|--csv        Print events in CSV format.
        -t|--timeout <seconds>
                        When listening for a single event, time out after
                        waiting for an event for <seconds> seconds.
                        If <seconds> is 0, inotifywait will never time out.
        -e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]
                Listen for specific event(s).  If omitted, all events are
                listened for.

Exit status:
        0  -  An event you asked to watch for was received.
        1  -  An event you did not ask to watch for was received
              (usually delete_self or unmount), or some error occurred.
        2  -  The --timeout option was given and no events occurred
              in the specified interval of time.

Events:
        access          file or directory contents were read
        modify          file or directory contents were written
        attrib          file or directory attributes changed
        close_write     file or directory closed, after being opened in
                        writeable mode
        close_nowrite   file or directory closed, after being opened in
                        read-only mode
        close           file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode
        open            file or directory opened
        moved_to        file or directory moved to watched directory
        moved_from      file or directory moved from watched directory
        move            file or directory moved to or from watched directory
        create          file or directory created within watched directory
        delete          file or directory deleted within watched directory
        delete_self     file or directory was deleted
        unmount         file system containing file or directory unmounted

2、inotifywatch

使用方法和参数说明：

[root@localhost bin]# ./inotifywatch -h
inotifywatch 3.14
Gather filesystem usage statistics using inotify.
Usage: inotifywatch [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ ... ]
Options:
        -h|--help       Show this help text.
        -v|--verbose    Be verbose.
        @<file>         Exclude the specified file from being watched.
        --fromfile <file>
                Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.
        --exclude <pattern>
                Exclude all events on files matching the extended regular
                expression <pattern>.
        --excludei <pattern>
                Like --exclude but case insensitive.
        -z|--zero
                In the final table of results, output rows and columns even
                if they consist only of zeros (the default is to not output
                these rows and columns).
        -r|--recursive  Watch directories recursively.
        -t|--timeout <seconds>
                Listen only for specified amount of time in seconds; if
                omitted or 0, inotifywatch will execute until receiving an
                interrupt signal.
        -e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]
                Listen for specific event(s).  If omitted, all events are
                listened for.
        -a|--ascending <event>
                Sort ascending by a particular event, or `total'.
        -d|--descending <event>
                Sort descending by a particular event, or `total'.

Exit status:
        0  -  Exited normally.
        1  -  Some error occurred.

Events:
        access          file or directory contents were read
        modify          file or directory contents were written
        attrib          file or directory attributes changed
        close_write     file or directory closed, after being opened in
                        writeable mode
        close_nowrite   file or directory closed, after being opened in
                        read-only mode
        close           file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode
        open            file or directory opened
        moved_to        file or directory moved to watched directory
        moved_from      file or directory moved from watched directory
        move            file or directory moved to or from watched directory
        create          file or directory created within watched directory
        delete          file or directory deleted within watched directory
        delete_self     file or directory was deleted
        unmount         file system containing file or directory unmounted

　　常用事件

1. CREATE，创建
2. MODIFY，修改
3. CLOSE_WRITE,CLOSE，写入成功

原文出处：1felse -> http://www.1felse.com/blog/view.do?blogId=ff8080816102bdbb01610d45232d005a