Django学习路35_视图使用方法(复制的代码) + 简单总结

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
from datetime import datetime,timedelta
# Create your views here.

# request就是HttpRequest类型的对象
# request包含浏览器请求的信息
def index(request):
    '''首页'''
    # num = 'a' + 1
    # print(request.path)
    response = render(request, 'booktest/index.html')
    response.write('hello')
    return response

def show_arg(request, num):
    return HttpResponse(num)

def login(request):
    '''显示登录页面'''
    # 判断用户是否登录
    if request.session.has_key('islogin'):
        # 用户已登录, 跳转到首页
        return redirect('/index')
    else:
        # 用户未登录
        # 获取cookie username
        if 'username' in request.COOKIES:
            # 获取记住的用户名
            username = request.COOKIES['username']
        else:
            username = ''

        return render(request, 'booktest/login.html', {'username':username})

def login_check(request):
    '''登录校验视图'''
    # request.POST 保存的是post方式提交的参数 QueryDict
    # request.GET 保存是get方式提交的参数
    print(request.method)
    # 1.获取提交的用户名和密码
    username = request.POST.get('username')
    password = request.POST.get('password')
    remember = request.POST.get('remember')
    # 2.进行登录的校验
    # 实际开发:根据用户名和密码查找数据库
    # 模拟: smart 123
    if username == 'smart' and password == '':
        # 用户名密码正确，跳转到首页
        response = redirect('/index')

        # 判断是否需要记住用户名
        if remember == 'on':
            # 设置cookie username，过期时间1周
            response.set_cookie('username', username, max_age=7*24*3600)

        # 记住用户登录状态
        # 只有session中有islogin,就认为用户已登录
        request.session['islogin'] = True

        # 返回应答
        return response
    else:
        # 用户名或密码错误，跳转到登录页面
        return redirect('/login')

# /test_ajax
def ajax_test(request):
    '''显示ajax页面'''
    return render(request, 'booktest/test_ajax.html')

def ajax_handle(request):
    '''ajax请求处理'''
    # 返回的json数据 {'res':1}
    return JsonResponse({'res':1})

# /login_ajax
def login_ajax(request):
    '''显示ajax登录页面'''
    return render(request, 'booktest/login_ajax.html')

# /login_ajax_check
def login_ajax_check(request):
    '''ajax登录校验'''
    # 1.获取用户名和密码
    username = request.POST.get('username')
    password = request.POST.get('password')

    # 2.进行校验,返回json数据
    if username == 'smart' and password == '':
        # 用户名密码正确
        return JsonResponse({'res':1})
        # return redirect('/index') ajax请求在后台，不要返回页面或者重定向
    else:
        # 用户名或密码错误
        return JsonResponse({'res':0})

# /set_cookie
def set_cookie(request):
    '''设置cookie信息'''
    response = HttpResponse('设置cookie')
    # 设置一个cookie信息,名字为num, 值为1
    response.set_cookie('num', 1, max_age=14*24*3600)
    # response.set_cookie('num2', 2)
    # response.set_cookie('num', 1, expires=datetime.now()+timedelta(days=14))
    # 返回response
    return response

# /get_cookie
def get_cookie(request):
    '''获取cookie的信息'''
    # 取出cookie num的值
    num = request.COOKIES['num']
    return HttpResponse(num)

# /set_session
def set_session(request):
    '''设置session'''
    request.session['username'] = 'smart'
    request.session['age'] = 18
    # request.session.set_expiry(5)
    return HttpResponse('设置session')

# /get_session
def get_session(request):
    '''获取session'''
    username = request.session['username']
    age = request.session['age']
    return HttpResponse(username+':'+str(age))

#　/clear_session
def clear_session(request):
    '''清除session信息'''
    # request.session.clear()
    request.session.flush()
    return HttpResponse('清除成功')

---

urls.py 内容

from django.conf.urls import url
from booktest import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index$', views.index), # 首页
    # url(r'^showarg(\d+)$', views.show_arg), # 捕获url参数:位置参数
    url(r'^showarg(?P<num>\d+)$', views.show_arg),# 捕获url参数:关键字参数

    url(r'^login$', views.login), # 显示登录页面
    url(r'^login_check$', views.login_check), # 用户登录校验

    url(r'^test_ajax$', views.ajax_test), # 显示ajax页面
    url(r'^ajax_handle$', views.ajax_handle), # ajax处理

    url(r'^login_ajax$', views.login_ajax), # 显示ajax登录页面
    url(r'^login_ajax_check$', views.login_ajax_check), # ajax登录校验

    url(r'^set_cookie$', views.set_cookie), # 设置cookie
    url(r'^get_cookie$', views.get_cookie), # 获取cookie

    url(r'^set_session$', views.set_session), # 设置session
    url(r'^get_session$', views.get_session), # 获取session
    url(r'^clear_session$', views.clear_session), # 清除session
]

---

展示参数

def show_arg(request, num):
    return HttpResponse(num)

判断用户是否登录

request.session.has_key('islogin')

重定向

return redirect('/index')

获取cookie

request.COOKIES

获取用户提交的用户名和密码

username = request.POST.get('username')
password = request.POST.get('password')

判断是否需要记住

remember = request.POST.get('remember')
        if remember == 'on':
            # 设置cookie username，过期时间1周
            response.set_cookie('username', username, max_age=7*24*3600)

只要 session中有islogin,就认为用户已登录

request.session['islogin'] = True

返回 JSON 数据

def ajax_handle(request):
    '''ajax请求处理'''
    # 返回的json数据 {'res':1}
    return JsonResponse({'res':1})

判断是否登录

def login_ajax_check(request):
    '''ajax登录校验'''
    # 1.获取用户名和密码
    username = request.POST.get('username')
    password = request.POST.get('password')

    # 2.进行校验,返回json数据
    if username == 'smart' and password == '':
        # 用户名密码正确
        return JsonResponse({'res':1})
        # return redirect('/index') ajax请求在后台，不要返回页面或者重定向
    else:
        # 用户名或密码错误
        return JsonResponse({'res':0})

设置 cookie 信息

response.set_cookie('num', 1, max_age=14*24*3600)

获取 cookie 信息

num = request.COOKIES['num']

设置 session 信息
request.session['username'] = 'smart'

def set_session(request):
    '''设置session'''
    request.session['username'] = 'smart'
    request.session['age'] = 18
    # request.session.set_expiry(5)
    return HttpResponse('设置session')

获取 session 

age = request.session['age']

清除 session 信息

request.session.flush()

def clear_session(request):
    '''清除session信息'''
    # request.session.clear()
    request.session.flush()
    return HttpResponse('清除成功')

---

2020-05-20