Given a binary tree, flatten it to a linked list in-place.

For example,
Given

         1
/ \
2 5
/ \ \
3 4 6

 

The flattened tree should look like:

   1
\
2
\
3
\
4
\
5
\
6
Hints:

If you notice carefully in the flattened tree, each node's right child points to the next node of a pre-order traversal.

这个提示反而让人联想到用栈或者递归去做。然而严格意义上这样做使用了额外空间。discuss里面有人提供了很好的非递归算法,似乎是Morris遍历的应用:

记录一个节点cur,起始为根节点。对于这个cur节点,如果有左子树,做两件事:

1. 把左子树的最右节点的right指针指向cur的右子树。

2. cur的right指针指向cur的左子树,cur的left指针指向null.

如果没有左子树就不做这两件事。

这样就算扁平化了一个节点。接着把cur挪到cur的右子树根节点去(原来的左子树根节点),然后继续重复这两件事,直到cur为null.

代码如下:

     public void flatten(TreeNode root) {
TreeNode cur = root;
while(cur!=null) {
if(cur.left!=null) {
TreeNode leftRight = cur.left;
while(leftRight.right!=null)
leftRight = leftRight.right;
leftRight.right = cur.right;
cur.right = cur.left;
cur.left = null;
}
cur = cur.right;
}
}

附:使用栈实现的前序遍历做法:

     public void flatten(TreeNode root) {
Stack<TreeNode> st = new Stack<TreeNode>();
st.push(root);
if(root==null)
return;
while(!st.isEmpty())
{
TreeNode temp = st.pop();
if(temp.right!=null)
st.push(temp.right);
if(temp.left!=null)
st.push(temp.left);
temp.left=null;
if(!st.isEmpty())
temp.right = st.peek();
else
temp.right = null;
}
}

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