OpenGL编程逐步深入（八）伸缩变换

准备知识

伸缩变换非常简单，它的目的是增大或者缩小对象的尺寸。例如：你可能希望用同一个模型创建不同大小的对象（例如形状相同，但大小不同的树木）或者你想改变对象的大小使它和游戏场景匹配。这些例子中你可能需要X、Y、Z三个坐标轴缩放相同的量，但有时候我们只需要沿着一个或者两个轴缩放使模型变“粗”或变“细”。

缩放变换矩阵形式：



（注：原文没有给出缩放变换矩阵一般形式，此处为本人添加，s1,s2,s3分别为三个轴上的缩放比例）

程序代码

/*
    Copyright 2010 Etay Meiri
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

    Tutorial 08 - Scaling Transformation
*/
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include "ogldev_math_3d.h"
GLuint VBO;
GLuint gWorldLocation;

const char* pVSFileName = "shader.vs";
const char* pFSFileName = "shader.fs";

static void RenderSceneCB()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    static float Scale = 0.0f;

    Scale += 0.001f;

    Matrix4f World;

    World.m[0][0] = sinf(Scale) ; World.m[0][1] = 0.0f       ; World.m[0][2] = 0.0f;        World.m[0][3] = 0.0f;
    World.m[1][0] = 0.0f        ; World.m[1][1] = sinf(Scale); World.m[1][2] = 0.0f;        World.m[1][3] = 0.0f;
    World.m[2][0] = 0.0f;       ; World.m[2][1] = 0.0f;      ; World.m[2][2] = sinf(Scale); World.m[2][3] = 0.0f;
    World.m[3][0] = 0.0f;       ; World.m[3][1] = 0.0f;      ; World.m[3][2] = 0.0f;        World.m[3][3] = 1.0f;

    glUniformMatrix4fv(gWorldLocation, 1, GL_TRUE, &World.m[0][0]);

    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

    glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);

    glutSwapBuffers();
}

static void InitializeGlutCallbacks()
{
    glutDisplayFunc(RenderSceneCB);
    glutIdleFunc(RenderSceneCB);
}

static void CreateVertexBuffer()
{
    Vector3f Vertices[3];
    Vertices[0] = Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
    Vertices[1] = Vector3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
    Vertices[2] = Vector3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertices), Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}

static void AddShader(GLuint ShaderProgram, const char* pShaderText, GLenum ShaderType)
{
    GLuint ShaderObj = glCreateShader(ShaderType);

    if (ShaderObj == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error creating shader type %d\n", ShaderType);
        exit(1);
    }

    const GLchar* p[1];
    p[0] = pShaderText;
    GLint Lengths[1];
    Lengths[0]= strlen(pShaderText);
    glShaderSource(ShaderObj, 1, p, Lengths);
    glCompileShader(ShaderObj);
    GLint success;
    glGetShaderiv(ShaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        GLchar InfoLog[1024];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(ShaderObj, 1024, NULL, InfoLog);
        fprintf(stderr, "Error compiling shader type %d: '%s'\n", ShaderType, InfoLog);
        exit(1);
    }

    glAttachShader(ShaderProgram, ShaderObj);
}

static void CompileShaders()
{
    GLuint ShaderProgram = glCreateProgram();

    if (ShaderProgram == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error creating shader program\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    string vs, fs;

    if (!ReadFile(pVSFileName, vs)) {
        exit(1);
    };

    if (!ReadFile(pFSFileName, fs)) {
        exit(1);
    };

    AddShader(ShaderProgram, vs.c_str(), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    AddShader(ShaderProgram, fs.c_str(), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);

    GLint Success = 0;
    GLchar ErrorLog[1024] = { 0 };

    glLinkProgram(ShaderProgram);
    glGetProgramiv(ShaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &Success);
    if (Success == 0) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(ShaderProgram, sizeof(ErrorLog), NULL, ErrorLog);
        fprintf(stderr, "Error linking shader program: '%s'\n", ErrorLog);
        exit(1);
    }

    glValidateProgram(ShaderProgram);
    glGetProgramiv(ShaderProgram, GL_VALIDATE_STATUS, &Success);
    if (!Success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(ShaderProgram, sizeof(ErrorLog), NULL, ErrorLog);
        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid shader program: '%s'\n", ErrorLog);
        exit(1);
    }

    glUseProgram(ShaderProgram);

    gWorldLocation = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "gWorld");
    assert(gWorldLocation != 0xFFFFFFFF);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGBA);
    glutInitWindowSize(1024, 768);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    glutCreateWindow("Tutorial 08");

    InitializeGlutCallbacks();

    // Must be done after glut is initialized!
    GLenum res = glewInit();
    if (res != GLEW_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: '%s'\n", glewGetErrorString(res));
        return 1;
    }

    printf("GL version: %s\n", glGetString(GL_VERSION));

    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

    CreateVertexBuffer();

    CompileShaders();

    glutMainLoop();

    return 0;
}

代码解读

World.m[0][0]=sinf(Scale); World.m[0][1]=0.0f;        World.m[0][2]=0.0f;        World.m[0][3]=0.0f;
World.m[1][0]=0.0f;        World.m[1][1]=sinf(Scale); World.m[1][2]=0.0f;        World.m[1][3]=0.0f;
World.m[2][0]=0.0f;        World.m[2][1]=0.0f;        World.m[2][2]=sinf(Scale); World.m[2][3]=0.0f;
World.m[3][0]=0.0f;        World.m[3][1]=0.0f;        World.m[3][2]=0.0f;        World.m[3][3]=1.0f;

其余代码和上节相同，这里我们把变换矩阵s1,s2,s3的值指定为sinf(Scale),其值域为[-1,1]你将会看到图形一会变大一会变小。

运行效果

编译运行可以看到三角形大小不断改变。