Docker应用部署(Nginx、Tomcat)

部署Nginx

官方已经给出了方法: https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx

运行容器

$ docker run --name nginx-server -v /opt/nginx-server:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d nginx

使用--name为容器命名，使用-v将指定的宿主机的目录挂载到指定的容器中的目录，并且赋予一个read-only权限，使用-d则是创建为守护进程。如果本地并没有该容器，那么Docker会自动下载镜像，如果没有显式地指定tag，则默认使用latest

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES

ff6b4d326548   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   80/tcp    nginx-server

使用docker ps查看运行的容器

$ sudo docker inspect ff6 | grep IPAddress

            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,

            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",

                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",

使用docker inspect查看容器信息并进行匹配，得到容器的IP地址

$ curl http://172.17.0.2

<html>

<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>

<body>

<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>

<hr><center>nginx/1.23.1</center>

</body>

</html>

使用curl发起http请求，发现403禁止访问，因为nginx还未配置首页html文件，向上述挂载的宿主机目录下写入一个html文件

$ sudo echo "nginx is working" > /opt/nginx-server/index.html

再次访问:

$ curl http://172.17.0.2

nginx is working

暴露端口

仅仅通过上述流程的话，只有宿主机之外的机器是没办法访问容器的，这时使用端口映射，将宿主机的端口映射到容器的端口上

$ sudo docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name nginx-server-port -v /opt/nginx-server-port:/usr/share/html:ro nginx

使用-p建立端口映射，使用docker ps可以查看到端口信息:

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES

1a64b2782138   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   13 minutes ago   Up 13 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   nginx-server-port

访问通过宿主机的IP:端口就可以访问(如果防火墙没有拦截)

配置文件

启动容器:

$ sudo docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name nginx-server-port -v /opt/nginx-server-port:/usr/share/html:ro nginx

cd94235a9a4d937887b83ff7ff2dcc4323d03db9bea95a145b9314fcba43bf5f

使用docker top查看容器中进程:

$ sudo docker top cd9

UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD

root                16969               16948               0                   23:16               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;

systemd+            17037               16969               0                   23:16               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

systemd+            17038               16969               0                   23:16               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

systemd+            17039               16969               0                   23:16               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

systemd+            17040               16969               0                   23:16               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

systemd+            17041               16969               0                   23:16               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

...

拷贝文件

现在将容器中的Nginx的配置文件拷贝出来

$ sudo mkdir /opt/nginxcon

$ sudo docker cp nginx-server-port:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /opt/nginxcon/

如上所示拷贝到了nginxcon目录下，使用cat查看

$ sudo cat /opt/nginxcon/nginx.conf 

user  nginx;

worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

}

写入文件

将配置文件的worker_processes改成2，尝试写回文件

挂载配置文件并且启动容器:

$ sudo docker run -d \

> -p 9090:80 --name nginx-server-conf \

> -v /opt/nginx-server-conf:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \

> -v /opt/nginxcon/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro \

> nginx

使用-p建立端口映射，-v挂载目录，此处将配置文件和HTML目录都进行挂载

使用top命令查看:

$ sudo docker top ac4

UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD

root                18903               18882               0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;

systemd+            18968               18903               0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

systemd+            18969               18903               0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process

确实只有两个worker process了

在容器中执行一个cat命令也可以查看:

$ sudo docker exec -it nginx-server-conf cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user  nginx;

worker_processes  2;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

...

部署Tomcat

官方: https://hub.docker.com/_/tomcat

不暴露端口安装

$ sudo docker run -d --rm tomcat:9.0

直接一个命令进行安装并启动，--rm表示容器停止后就删除这个容器，可以看到容器正在运行:

$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS      NAMES

3fbae2e0fd13   tomcat:9.0   "catalina.sh run"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   8080/tcp   gifted_ptolemy

查看IP地址:

$ sudo docker inspect 3fb | grep IPAddress

            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,

            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",

                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",

使用curl访问:

$ curl http://172.17.0.2:8080

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/9.0.64</h3></body></html>

页面返回404 Not Found，因为还未创建网站首页，页面没有被发现

暴露端口并添加网页

同样可以使用-p进行端口映射，将宿主机端口映射到容器上，这时通过主机IP地址就可以访问

$ sudo docker run -d -p 8080:8080 -v /opt/tomcat-server:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT tomcat:9.0

b5c3ba3f2e94d7fe5d3dd54fa075c3d10b225483e98f2f54976feb744e69a52d

将8080端口进行映射，并且进行目录的挂载

echo "tomcat running" > /opt/tomcat-server/index.html

向宿主机挂载目录写入信息

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080

tomcat running

得到了正常的页面