Zabbix学习之路（九）之低级自动发现以及MySQL多实例

• 1、概述

Zabbix的网络发现是指zabbix server通过配置好的规则，自动添加host，group，template

Zabbix的主动注册刚好和网络发现是相反的，功能基本一致。zabbix agent主动联系zabbix server，server自动添加host，group，template

以上两种方式都是发现host，添加host，而low-level discovery（低级自动发现）更加底层，用于发现item，trigger，graph等等。

•  2、MySQL多实例的低级自动发现

（1）配置3307、3308的实例
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mkdir /data/{,} -p
[root@linux-node2 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
[root@linux-node2 ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my3307.cnf
[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/my3307.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/
socket=/data//mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=
port=
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data//mariadb.log
pid-file=/data//mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[root@linux-node2 ~]# cp /etc/my3307.cnf /etc/my3308.cnf
[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/my3308.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/
socket=/data//mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=
port=
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data//mariadb.log
pid-file=/data//mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

（2）初始化数据库
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/3307' ...
 :: [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.-MariaDB) starting as process  ...
OK
Filling help tables...
 :: [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.-MariaDB) starting as process  ...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h linux-node2 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
'/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr' ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/3307'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf &
[]
[root@linux-node2 ~]#  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/3307/mariadb.log'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/

[root@linux-node2 ~]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/3308' ...
 :: [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.-MariaDB) starting as process  ...
OK
Filling help tables...
 :: [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.-MariaDB) starting as process  ...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h linux-node2 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
'/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr' ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/3308'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/

[root@linux-node2 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf &
[]
[root@linux-node2 ~]#  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/3308/mariadb.log'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/

[root@linux-node2 ~]# netstat -tulnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp               0.0.0.0:            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /mysqld
tcp               0.0.0.0:            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /mysqld
tcp               0.0.0.0:              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /nginx: master
tcp               0.0.0.0:              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /sshd
tcp               127.0.0.1:            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /master
tcp               0.0.0.0:           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /zabbix_agentd
tcp               0.0.0.0:            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      /mysqld
tcp6              :::                   :::*                    LISTEN      /sshd
tcp6              :::                  :::*                    LISTEN      /master
tcp6              :::                :::*                    LISTEN      /zabbix_agentd
[root@linux-node2 ~]# netstat -tulnp |grep mysql|awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $5}'

3306


（3）编写获取端口号的shell脚本
[root@linux-node2 scripts]# vim discovery_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
#mysql low-lever discovery
res=`netstat -lntp|grep mysql |awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $5}'`
port=($res)
printf '{'
printf '"data":['
for key in ${!port[@]}
do
        if [[ "${#port[@]}" -gt  && "${key}"  -ne "$((${#port[@]}-1))" ]];then
                printf '{'
                printf "\"{#MYSQLPORT}\":\"${port[${key}]}\"},"
        else [[ "${key}" -eq "((${#port[@]}-1))" ]]
                printf '{'
                printf "\"{#MYSQLPORT}\":\"${port[${key}]}\"}"
        fi
done
printf ']'
printf '}'
[root@linux-node2 scripts]# sh discovery_mysql.sh |python -m json.tool    #采用json格式显示
{
    "data": [
        {
            "{#MYSQLPORT}": ""
        },
        {
            "{#MYSQLPORT}": ""
        },
        {
            "{#MYSQLPORT}": ""
        }
    ]
}

[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# vim discovery_mysql.conf    #编辑自定义key
UserParameter=discovery_mysql,/bin/bash /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/scripts/discovery_mysql.sh
[root@linux-node1 ~]# zabbix_get -s linux-node2 -k discovery_mysql    #测试server端获取数据
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
{"data":[]}
#这里报错是因为netstat -tulnp的参数-p在执行时需要root的权限，这里使用suid的方式进行授权

[root@linux-node2 ~]# chmod u+s `which netstat`
[root@linux-node2 ~]# ll `which netstat`
-rwsr-xr-x.  root root  8月    : /usr/bin/netstat
[root@linux-node1 ~]# zabbix_get -s linux-node2 -k discovery_mysql
{"data":[{"{#MYSQLPORT}":""},{"{#MYSQLPORT}":""},{"{#MYSQLPORT}":""}]}

（4）编辑自定义key，获取每个端口的状态数据
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# cat userparameter_mysql.conf
UserParameter=mysql.status[*],echo "show global status where Variable_name='$2';" | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P $ -N | awk '{print $$2}'

修改不同端口的mysql密码：
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# mysqladmin -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot password '' -P3306
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# mysqladmin -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot password '' -P3307
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# mysqladmin -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot password '' -P3308
测试是否正常
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306 -e "use mysql;show GLOBAL VARIABLES like 'port';"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          |   |
+---------------+-------+
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P3307 -e "use mysql;show GLOBAL VARIABLES like 'port';"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          |   |
+---------------+-------+
[root@linux-node2 zabbix_agentd.d]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P3308 -e "use mysql;show GLOBAL VARIABLES like 'port';"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          |   |
+---------------+-------+
zabbix_get测试是否能正常获取数据：
[root@linux-node1 ~]# zabbix_get -s linux-node2 -k mysql.status[,Bytes_sent]

• 3、创建发现规则

这里直接在linux-node2上进行创建

"Configuration"-->"Host"-->"linux-node2"-->"Discovery"-->"Create discovery rule"-->"Add"

 创建 Item prototypes，其实就是一个创建一个 item

Item prototypes (0)>>create Item prototypes，按照官方模板来配置。这里配5个展示

再查看Host中的item项，会多出以下监控项：

查看监控最新数据图表，即可看到3306、3307、3308的数据库状态信息：