Docker 常用命令—

1.新建并启动容器

docker run [option] images [command][arg] #根据镜像新建容器并运行。如果本地没有镜像则从docker hub上拉取。

--name 为容器指定名称。

-d 后台运行容器，并返回容器id

-i 交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t同时用

-t 为容器分配伪输入终端。

-P 随机端口映射

-p 指定端口映射，有以下四种格式

ip:hostport:ContainerPort

ip::containerPort

HostPort:ContainerPort

ContainerPort

docker run centos #创建/运行/退出容器

docker run -t centos #创建容器，并进入伪终端，但不能操作。ctrl+c 退出，容器不退出。

docker run -it centos

docker run -it --name mycentos centos

docker run -d centos #以后台进程方式创建容器并运行，但因为没有可交互的前台进程，所以又被立刻终止。故docker ps 看不到。

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

redis               latest              a55fbf438dfd         days ago          95MB

mysql               latest              7bb2586065cd         days ago          477MB

nginx               latest              2bcb04bdb83f         days ago          109MB

centos              latest              9f38484d220f         weeks ago         202MB

hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9         months ago        .84kB

docker run -it 9f38484d220f    #启动交互式容器

[root@8e0ffee781f1 /]# ps -ef

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD

root                 : pts/    :: /bin/bash

root                : pts/    :: ps -ef

[root@8e0ffee781f1 /]# exit

exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

[root@localhost ~]#  docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          minutes ago       Exited ()  minutes ago                       pensive_lumiere

3af63c5c69c6        hello-world         "/hello"             hours ago        Exited ()  hours ago                        pensive_dubinsky

[root@localhost ~]# docker rename 8e0ffee781f1 mycentos

[root@localhost ~]# docker start mycentos

mycentos

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          minutes ago      Up  seconds                            mycentos

[root@localhost ~]# docker stats mycentos

CONTAINER ID        NAME                CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %               NET I/O             BLOCK I/O           PIDS

8e0ffee781f1        mycentos            0.00%               380KiB / .2MiB   0.04%               656B / 0B           0B / 0B

[root@localhost ~]# docker top mycentos

UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD

root                                                                   :               pts/               ::            /bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach mycentos

不关容器，安全退出: ctrl +p   ctrl+q

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up  hours                              mycentos

[root@localhost ~]# docker images centos

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

centos              latest              9f38484d220f         weeks ago         202MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name mycentos01 centos    #重新打开一个容器，并命名为mycentos01

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

ed1315df6320        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       mycentos01

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          hours ago          Up  hours                              mycentos

2.列出容器

docker ps -a 显示当前或曾经打开的容器

docker ps -l 显示上一次运行的容器

docker ps -n 3 显示上3次运行的容器

docker ps -ql 只显示上一次运行的容器ID

3.退出容器

exit #退出并关闭容器

ctrl+p,crl+q #退出但不关闭容器

4.停止容器

docker stop 容器 ID或name

docker stop -t n 容器 ID或name # Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10) 杀掉容器前等待多少秒（默认10s）

直接关闭

docker kill 容器 ID或name

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop mycentos mycentos01    #同时停止多个容器

mycentos

mycentos01

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

4.启动容器

docker start 容器 ID或name

docker restart 容器 ID或name

[root@localhost ~]# docker start mycentos mycentos01

mycentos

mycentos01

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

ed1315df6320        centos              "/bin/bash"          minutes ago       Up  seconds                           mycentos01

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up  seconds                           mycentos

5.重启容器

docker restart 容器 ID或name

6.删除停止运行的容器

docker rm 容器 ID或name

docker rm -f 强制删除容器，即使在运行

docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa) # 删除全部容器

docker ps -qa | xargs docker rm # 删除全部已停止容器

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n2

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES

ed1315df6320        centos              "/bin/bash"          minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                       mycentos01

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Exited ()  minutes ago                       mycentos

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm mycentos01

mycentos01

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n2

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES

8e0ffee781f1        9f38484d220f        "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Exited ()  minutes ago                       mycentos

3af63c5c69c6        hello-world         "/hello"             hours ago        Exited ()  hours ago                          pensive_dubinsky

7.查看所有容器的实时资源占用情况

docker stats

8.查看容器日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器 ID或name

-f 持续刷新最新日志

-t 显示时间戳

--tail 显示最后几行

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name mycentos1 centos

ba18b348bd9857bde9b25a62d848d6239c1c7c0de302a8bc279185a758efd861

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name mycentos2 centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo Hello World;sleep 3;done"

21494ef841e27c69877afaf1a0be5ae2bb7d32d6862eb7bfa1e6eb237f04efa3

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

21494ef841e2        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"    seconds ago       Up  seconds                            mycentos2

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail  21494ef841e2

--04T07::.721260403Z Hello World

--04T07::.721904929Z Hello World

--04T07::.723204790Z Hello World

--04T07::.724042843Z Hello World

--04T07::.725116649Z Hello World

...

9.查看容器内进程

docker top 容器 ID或name

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo Nihao;sleep 2 ;done"

4768a70886fcb74cdf00cb19d142fb503a18d2390406dc31ad533d697b423f46

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

4768a70886fc        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while…"    seconds ago       Up  seconds                            affectionate_cori

[root@localhost ~]# docker top 4768a70886fc

UID     PID     PPID    C    STIME    TTY    TIME        CMD

root                :    ?      ::    /bin/bash -c while true;do echo Nihao;sleep  ;done

root                :    ?      ::    sleep

10.查看容器细节

docker inspect 容器 ID或name

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 4768a70886fc

[

    {

        "Id": "4768a70886fcb74cdf00cb19d142fb503a18d2390406dc31ad533d697b423f46",

        "Created": "2019-04-04T07:48:20.460764642Z",

        "Path": "/bin/bash",

        "Args": [

            "-c",

            "while true;do echo Nihao;sleep 2 ;done"

        ],

        "State": {

            "Status": "running",

            "Running": true,

            "Paused": false,

            "Restarting": false,

            ....

11.进入容器

docker attach 容器 ID或name

docker exec -t -w -u -e 容器 ID或name 命令 # 功能更强大，也能实现登陆容器内部

-d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background

-e, --env list Set environment variables

-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached

-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY

-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])

-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -t -w /tmp -uroot -e LANG=en 4768a70886fc ls

ks-script-eC059Y  yum.log

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec 4768a70886fc ls /tmp

ks-script-eC059Y

yum.log

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 4768a70886fc ls /tmp

ks-script-eC059Y  yum.log

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 4768a70886fc /bin/bash

[root@4768a70886fc /]# ls

anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

12. docker cp

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem 在本地系统和容器间copy文件或文件夹

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg 4768a70886fc:/home

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec 4768a70886fc ls /home

anaconda-ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 4768a70886fc ls /tmp

ks-script-eC059Y  yum.log

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp 4768a70886fc:/tmp/yum.log /tmp

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp

总用量

-rw-------.  root root    3月    : yum.log

docker run -d /bin/bash -c 的注意点

重启docker 后，会继续执行创建docker 时指定的脚本。

相当于该容器运行的是镜像+shell 的组合模板。

docker attach 登陆容器后，如果command 命令是前台进程就会一直执行，而不能做其他操作。