Kubernetes web界面kubernetes-dashboard安装【h】
本文讲述的是如何部署K8s的web UI,前提是已经有一个k8s集群后,按照如下步骤进行即可。(如下步骤都是在master节点上进行操作)
1、下载kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
2、修改kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件

- # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
- kind: Deployment
- apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- replicas: 1
- revisionHistoryLimit: 10
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
- spec:
- containers:
- - name: kubernetes-dashboard
- image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kube_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64
- ports:
- - containerPort: 8443
- protocol: TCP
- args:
- - --auto-generate-certificates


- # ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
- kind: Service
- apiVersion: v1
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- type: NodePort
- ports:
- - port: 443
- targetPort: 8443
- nodePort: 30001
- selector:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

上面代码红色字为kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件中需要修改的地方,不然拉取不了镜像,以及使用Nodeport方式做映射,使其他主机能够访问该dashboard。
3、创建kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
- kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
4、查看kubernetes-dashboard容器是否已经运行

- [root@docker-master1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
- coredns-576cbf47c7-l5wlh 1/1 Running 1 3d8h
- coredns-576cbf47c7-zrl66 1/1 Running 1 3d8h
- etcd-docker-master1 1/1 Running 1 3d8h
- kube-apiserver-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 3d8h
- kube-controller-manager-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 3d8h
- kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c7wz6 1/1 Running 0 3d8h
- kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hqvz9 1/1 Running 0 3d8h
- kube-flannel-ds-amd64-w7n4s 1/1 Running 2 3d8h
- kube-proxy-8gj2w 1/1 Running 1 3d8h
- kube-proxy-mt6dk 1/1 Running 0 3d8h
- kube-proxy-qtxz7 1/1 Running 0 3d8h
- kube-scheduler-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 3d8h
- kubernetes-dashboard-5f864b6c5f-5s2rw 1/1 Running 0 62m

如上红色字体已经显示kubernetes-dashboard已经成功在node节点上运行。当然,你也可以前往node节点上执行docker ps查看kubernetes-dashboard容器是否已经启动,netstat -ptln命令查看30001端口是否已经开放。
5、创建kubernetes-dashboard管理员角色

- [root@docker-master1 ~]# vi k8s-admin.yaml
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: ServiceAccount
- metadata:
- name: dashboard-admin
- namespace: kube-system
- ---
- kind: ClusterRoleBinding
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
- metadata:
- name: dashboard-admin
- subjects:
- - kind: ServiceAccount
- name: dashboard-admin
- namespace: kube-system
- roleRef:
- kind: ClusterRole
- name: cluster-admin
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

6、加载管理员角色
- kubectl create -f k8s-admin.yaml
7、获取dashboard管理员角色token

- #获取dashboard secret
- kubectl get secret -n kube-system
- [root@docker-master1 ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system
- NAME TYPE DATA AGE
- attachdetach-controller-token-d9w8c kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- bootstrap-signer-token-jdjwt kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- bootstrap-token-9n6rpz bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 6 149m
- bootstrap-token-n962df bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 3d8h
- certificate-controller-token-lktt8 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- clusterrole-aggregation-controller-token-7stf6 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- coredns-token-kbz5z kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- cronjob-controller-token-b647q kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- daemon-set-controller-token-tzlpk kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3d8h
- dashboard-admin-token-jc8t5 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 17m


- #获取token
- [root@docker-master1 ~]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-jc8t5 -n kube-system
- Name: dashboard-admin-token-jc8t5
- Namespace: kube-system
- Labels: <none>
- Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
- kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: cdfb442a-f48b-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5
- Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
- Data
- ====
- namespace: 11 bytes
- token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.FZCsonMyEdcDDvbzIz7rMxm8vvlk0Ck6O5ooqzaJRWkggwMoqf92qYBsNxMxxT5BdAtxB_iPUD7rEagR7sLTqixHeC0HdTnGCcTnNU1fq2KJA5ssNyi9P4XGJqsGuf4mAmF5L56uBh43X4hQ41rFYPQwIrmVnknTAbAWf3biiKWkN9Az8NsCulRSSCsJSOwfPoGlo7aSbMYTyRXlmzLuLbkMpMvyMHChBJ_MIYbH9dBj_hL3L9iwo9gpNTfB-0_uYHPEPdQcib8qUkC5NxgXdBuQPug5y1kLUVFNgq45ozLTibZuVihK_gza-WKVpBRPY5PaYCN1Gu0-tFObUYDUow

8、使用管理员角色登陆kubernetes-dashboard web界面
客户端浏览器输入:https://nodeIP:nodeport ,也就是kubernetes-dashboard容器在哪台node节点上跑,以及上面设置的nodeport端口(我这里是https://192.168.20.214:30001)
出现如下界面,选择令牌——输入令牌,(令牌为上面的token)
9、dashboard访问方式
根据官方文档,目前访问Dashboard有四种方式:
- NodePort
- API Server
- kubectl proxy
- Ingress
以上四种方式,我测试了前三种,目前只有NodePort和kubectl proxy可用,API Server暂时没有解决。
- 使用NodePort
为kubernetes-dashboard.yaml添加Service后,就可以使用NodePort访问Dashboard。在我们的物理机上,使用Chrome访问https://192.168.20.214:30001/
,如上2步骤。(2步骤使用的就是nodeport方式访问)
如访问提示了证书错误NET::ERR_CERT_INVALID
,原因是由于物理机的浏览器证书不可用。我们可以生成一个私有证书或者使用公有证书,下面开始配置证书。

- #1、查看kubernetes-dashboard 容器跑在哪台node节点上,这里跑在docker-slave2上
root@docker-master1 pki]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
- coredns-576cbf47c7-l5wlh 1/1 Running 1 9d 10.244.0.5 docker-master1 <none>
- coredns-576cbf47c7-zrl66 1/1 Running 1 9d 10.244.0.4 docker-master1 <none>
- etcd-docker-master1 1/1 Running 1 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none>
- kube-apiserver-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none>
- kube-controller-manager-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none>
- kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c7wz6 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.213 docker-slave1 <none>
- kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hqvz9 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.214 docker-slave2 <none>
- kube-flannel-ds-amd64-w7n4s 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none>
- kube-proxy-8gj2w 1/1 Running 1 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none>
- kube-proxy-mt6dk 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.213 docker-slave1 <none>
- kube-proxy-qtxz7 1/1 Running 0 9d 192.168.20.214 docker-slave2 <none>
- kube-scheduler-docker-master1 1/1 Running 2 9d 192.168.20.210 docker-master1 <none>
- kubernetes-dashboard-5f864b6c5f-5s2rw 1/1 Running 0 5d21h 10.244.3.9 docker-slave2 <none>

- #2、在docker-slave2节点上查看kubernetes-dashboard容器ID
root@docker-slave2 ~]# docker ps | grep dashboard- 384d9dc0170b registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kube_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64 "/dashboard --insecu…" 5 days ago Up 44 hours k8s_kubernetes-dashboard_kubernetes-dashboard-5f864b6c5f-5s2rw_kube-system_94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5_0

- #3、查看kubernetes-dashboard容器certs所挂载的宿主主机目录
[root@docker-slave2 ~]# docker inspect -f {{.Mounts}} 384d9dc0170b- "Mounts": [
- {
- "Type": "bind",
- "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/tmp-volume",
- "Destination": "/tmp",
- "Mode": "",
- "RW": true,
- "Propagation": "rprivate"
- },
- {
- "Type": "bind",
- "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kubernetes-dashboard-token-tbctd",
- "Destination": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount",
- "Mode": "ro",
- "RW": false,
- "Propagation": "rprivate"
- },
- {
- "Type": "bind",
- "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/etc-hosts",
- "Destination": "/etc/hosts",
- "Mode": "",
- "RW": true,
- "Propagation": "rprivate"
- },
- {
- "Type": "bind",
- "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/containers/kubernetes-dashboard/0e84c511",
- "Destination": "/dev/termination-log",
- "Mode": "",
- "RW": true,
- "Propagation": "rprivate"
- },
- {
- "Type": "bind",
- "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs",
- "Destination": "/certs",
- "Mode": "ro",
- "RW": false,
- "Propagation": "rprivate"
- }
- ],

- #4、这里以私有证书配置,生成dashboard证书
- openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048
- openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key
- openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr
- openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
- #5、将生成的dashboard.crt dashboard.key放到certs对应的宿主主机souce目录
- scp dashboard.crt dashboard.key 192.168.20.214:/var/lib/kubelet/pods/94c8c50b-f484-11e8-80e8-000c29c3dca5/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- #6、重启kubernetes-dashboard容器
- docker restart 384d9dc0170b
完成以上步骤即可访问kubernetes-dashboard web了,由于使用的是私有证书,所以还是会弹出不安全的连接,需要添加例外。
2、使用API Server
在我们的物理机上,使用Chrome访问地址:https://192.168.20.210:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
,返回如下错误:

- {
- "kind": "Status",
- "apiVersion": "v1",
- "metadata": {
- },
- "status": "Failure",
- "message": "services \"https:kubernetes-dashboard:\" is forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get resource \"services/proxy\" in API group \"\" in the namespace \"kube-system\"",
- "reason": "Forbidden",
- "details": {
- "name": "https:kubernetes-dashboard:",
- "kind": "services"
- },
- "code": 403
- }

原因是由于kube-apiserver使用了TLS认证,而我们的真实物理机上的浏览器使用匿名证书(因为没有可用的证书)去访问Dashboard,导致授权失败而不无法访问。官方提供的解决方法是将kubelet的证书转化为浏览器可用的证书,然后导入进浏览器。但是该方法目前似乎不适用于kubeadm方式安装的集群,参见:https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/issues/5 。看来,无论物理机还是K8S节点上的浏览器,都需要导入这个证书,暂时无解。
3、使用kubectl proxy
这里,我主要介绍一下最便捷的kubectl proxy
方式。在Master上执行nohup kubecll proxy &
,然后使用如下地址访问Dashboard:
- http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy
但限制就是必须在Master上访问,这显然是个坑,我们的目标是在我们真实的物理机上去访问Master的Dashboard。
所以,在主节点上,我们执行nohup kubectl proxy --address=192.168.20.210 --disable-filter=true &
开启代理。
其中:
address
表示外界可以使用192.168.20.210
来访问Dashboard,我们也可以使用0.0.0.0
disable-filter=true
表示禁用请求过滤功能,否则我们的请求会被拒绝,并提示Forbidden (403) Unauthorized
。- 我们也可以指定端口,具体请查看
kubectl proxy --help
此时proxy默认对Master的8001端口进行监听:
这样,我们就可以使用如下地址访问登录界面:
- http://192.168.20.210:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login
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