cobbler自动安装

基础环境：centos7.2

本地IP地址：192.168.56.12

网络环境：桥接模式

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一、安装cobbler

# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 957 Mar 31 12:05 epel.repo

yum安装所需服务

# yum install -y httpd dhcp tftp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart xinetd

二、修改settings文件

● 生产一个随机密码，这个用来作为新装机器的root登录密码
# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'salt' 'wurui321'
$1$salt$TorSa7kl86QCOPZX0FEjE1

注意： 需要复制这个到cobbler的setting里面
● 修改配置文件，有几个地方需要修改
# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
101gg切换到这行：上面随机生成的密码
101 default_password_crypted: "$1$salt$TorSa7kl86QCOPZX0FEjE1"
242gg :让cobbler来管理DHCP，默认是0关闭的
242 manage_dhcp: 1
272gg:设置TFTP地址
272 next_server: 192.168.56.12
384gg:设置cobbler地址
384 server: 192.168.56.12

● 修改DHCP分配IP文件
# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.2;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.100 192.168.56.254;

● 修改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp将disable 改为no
# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable = no

三、启动服务
● 启动cobbler服务
# systemctl start cobblerd.service
# systemctl enable cobblerd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
# systemctl status cobblerd.service

● 启动HTTP服务
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd

● 启动xinetd服务
# systemctl start xinetd
# systemctl enable xinetd

● 启动rsyncd服务
# systemctl start rsyncd
# systemctl enable rsyncd

● 从官网下载bootloader
cobbler get-loaders

● 检查是否都完成
# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

# cobbler sync

四、导入镜像和文件

首先，挂载光盘，加入镜像，我这里会加入一个CentOS6和CentOS7的镜像， 如下图：

● 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像
[root@linux-node2 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

● 导入镜像 >首先，查看帮助
# cobbler import -h
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported 指定安装源是多少位
--breed=BREED the breed being imported
--os-version=OS_VERSION
the version being imported
--path=PATH local path or rsync location 镜像路径
--name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5' 为安装源定义一个名字
--available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
tree is here, don't mirror
--kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
assign this kickstart file
--rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
pass additional flags to rsync

注意：安装源的唯一标识就是根据name参数来定义的。 我们来导入7的镜像。
# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2016-05-28_163256_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat May 28 16:32:56 2016)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
skipping import, as distro name already exists: CentOS-7-x86_64
No distros imported, bailing out
!!! TASK FAILED !!!

提示已经存在，这是正常的，因为存在就回报错，不信我们查看镜像.
#cobbler profile list
CentOS-7-x86_64

● 接着我们导入6的镜像，首先卸载，然后导入，查看
# umount /mnt
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-6-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
# cobbler profile list
CentOS-6-x86_64
CentOS-7-x86_64

● 导入cfg文件 >进入cobbler的ks..cfg文件的存放位置
# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

上传cfg文件，6跟7的.（见附录1，2）
[root@linux-node2 kickstarts]# ll
total 60
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3704 May 28 11:59 CentOS-6-x86_64.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1355 May 28 11:58 CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

# cobbler profile report
Name : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Name : CentOS-6-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS-6-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks

上面的2个kickstart是需要修改的，修改为我们上传的ks文件名，还有就是CentOS7的网卡信息也需要修改为eth0,操作如下：
# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg
# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6-x86_64.cfg
# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

五、安装操作

在vmware中配置一台虚拟服务器，给40G的硬盘就OK，cpu4核使得安装快一点。

以下是进入PXE网卡启动界面：（DELL R730服务器需要按F12进入PXE启动）

 

有时候会出现TFTP超时的问题，但是还是会提示这个错误解决办法： 重启xinetd服务即可。

# systemctl restart xinetd

遇到过一次PXE-E51 “No DHCP or DHCP Proxy Offers received” error 重启DHCP服务即可

systemctl restart dhcpd

选择一个系统进行安装。

关于系统的重装问题（这里的操作在需要重新装机的服务器中进行操作）

第一：安装epel源
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

第二：安装软件
yum install koan -y

出现下面报错
# yum install koan -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:07
epel/metalink | 5.4 kB 00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 4.1 MB 00:06
Error: xz compression not available

原因就是我系统是6的系统，安装了7的epel源，解决办法就是卸载这个7的epel源，然后重新安装6的epel源
# yum remove epel-release
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm

安装服务 故障依旧，原因就是缓存没有清除。
# rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel/
再次执行
yum install koan -y

查看cobbler端可用镜像
# koan -s 192.168.56.12 -l profiles
- looking for Cobbler at http://192.168.56.12:80/cobbler_api
CentOS-7-x86_64
CentOS-6-x86_64

重新安装为7的系统
koan -r -s 192.168.56.12 -p CentOS-7-x86_64
重启系统
reboot

使用cobbler同步openstack源
首先上地址：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.2.1511/cloud/x86_64/openstack-mitaka/ 这个为openstack需要使用到的源，我们用cobbler来同步，这样创建的虚拟机默认就有了源，就不需要自己一个一个安装了。
执行下面操作：
#添加repo
cobbler repo add --name=openstack-mitaka --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.2.1511/cloud/x86_64/openstack-mitaka/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum
#同步repo
cobbler reposync
时间有点长，耐心等待
#添加repo到CentOS7的profile文件

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --repos="openstack-mitaka"
#修改ks.cfg文件
在结尾添加，红色字体即可。
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service

$yum_config_stanza
%end
#加入到定时任务，每天同步
[root@linux-node2 kickstarts]# crontab -l
#add by jwurui321 at 2016-5-29
0 0 * * * /usr/bin/cobbler reposync

同步完镜像的文件在这里
[root@linux-node2 repo_mirror]# pwd
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror
[root@linux-node2 repo_mirror]# ls
openstack-mitaka
[root@linux-node2 repo_mirror]# du -sh
502M .

新开一台虚拟机，安装以后再次查看其源，如下所示： 有了源cobbler-config.repo，这样可以直接安装openstack了
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# more cobbler-config.repo
[core-0]
name=core-0
baseurl=http://192.168.56.12/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=1
[openstack-mitaka]
name=openstack-mitaka
baseurl=http://192.168.56.12/cobbler/repo_mirror/openstack-mitaka
enabled=1
priority=99
gpgcheck=0

---

附录1：centos6.5的ks.cfg文件

install
url --url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS6
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200
part swap --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%post
%end

---

附录2：centos7.2的ks.cfg文件

install

url --url=$tree

text

lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard us

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

zerombr

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

# Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 　　# CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfs

part swap --size 16384

part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow

firstboot --disable

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

logging --level=info

reboot

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%end

%packages

@base

@compat-libraries

@debugging

@development

tree

nmap

sysstat

lrzsz

dos2unix

telnet

iptraf

ncurses-devel

openssl-devel

zlib-devel

OpenIPMI-tools

screen

%end

%post

systemctl disable postfix.service

%end