HDU 3613 Best Reward（拓展KMP算法求解）

题目链接：

https://cn.vjudge.net/problem/HDU-3613

After an uphill battle, General Li won a great victory. Now the head of state decide to reward him with honor and treasures for his great exploit.

One of these treasures is a necklace made up of 26 different kinds
of gemstones, and the length of the necklace is n. (That is to say: n
gemstones are stringed together to constitute this necklace, and each of
these gemstones belongs to only one of the 26 kinds.)

In accordance with the classical view, a necklace is valuable if
and only if it is a palindrome - the necklace looks the same in either
direction. However, the necklace we mentioned above may not a palindrome
at the beginning. So the head of state decide to cut the necklace into
two part, and then give both of them to General Li.

All gemstones of the same kind has the same value (may be positive
or negative because of their quality - some kinds are beautiful while
some others may looks just like normal stones). A necklace that is
palindrom has value equal to the sum of its gemstones' value. while a
necklace that is not palindrom has value zero.

Now the problem is: how to cut the given necklace so that the sum of the two necklaces's value is greatest. Output this value.

InputThe first line of input is a single integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 10) -
the number of test cases. The description of these test cases follows.

For each test case, the first line is 26 integers: v
₁, v
₂, ..., v
₂₆ (-100 ≤ v
_i ≤ 100, 1 ≤ i ≤ 26), represent the value of gemstones of each kind.

The second line of each test case is a string made up of charactor
'a' to 'z'. representing the necklace. Different charactor representing
different kinds of gemstones, and the value of 'a' is v
₁, the value of 'b' is v
₂, ..., and so on. The length of the string is no more than 500000.

OutputOutput a single Integer: the maximum value General Li can get from the necklace.Sample Input

2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
aba
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
acacac

Sample Output

1
6

解题思路：

问题的关键还是如何判断从某个位置分割开后，前缀和后缀是否是回文串

这次采用拓展kmp算法求解，关于拓展kmp的介绍请参考另一篇博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/wenzhixin/p/9355480.html

　　先将s1反转赋值给s2，用s1去匹配s2，得到s2中每个后缀与s1的最长公共前缀数组extpre

　　　　　　　　　　　 用s2去匹配s1，得到s1中每个后缀与s2的最长公共前缀数组extpos

　　再枚举每一个分割点，判断，求值，更新答案取最优。

关键是如何使用extend数组，举个例子来说

abcde

当分割长度为2的时候，需要分别判断ab和bcde是否是回文串

先看ab，要看ab是否是回文串需要用到extpre数组，为什么用到它而不是另一个分析如下：

用s2去匹配s1制作的到extpre数组

s2 edcba

s1 abcde

要判断ab是否是回文串，就是看ba与s1的最长公共前缀是多少，如果恰好是ba的长度，就说明ba在原串中存在。也即extpre[ls - i] == i（其中ls是串的总长度）。同时又有两者逆序，必然是回文串。

再看bcde是否是回文串

用s1去匹配s2制作的到extpos数组

s1 abcde

s2 edcba

要判断bcde是否是回文串，就要看bcde与s2的最长公共前缀是多少，如果恰好是dcde的长度，就说明bcde在反串中存在。也即extpre[i] == ls - i（其中ls是串的总长度）。同时又有两者逆序，必然是回文串。

这样就完成了，是否是回文串的判断。

代码实现：

 #include<cstdio>
 #include<cstring>

 const int maxn = ;
 int val[], presum[maxn], next[maxn], extpre[maxn], extpos[maxn];
 char s1[maxn], s2[maxn];

 void exkmp(char s[], char t[], int len, int ex[]);
 void get_next(char t[], int len);

 int main()
 {
     int T;
     scanf("%d", &T);

     while(T--){
         for(int i = ; i < ; i++){
             scanf("%d", &val[i]);
         }
         scanf("%s", s1);
         int ls = strlen(s1);
         presum[] = ;
         for(int i = ;i < ls; i++){
             s2[ls -  - i] = s1[i];
             presum[i + ] = presum[i] + val[s1[i] - 'a'];
         }
         s2[ls] = '\0';

         exkmp(s2, s1, ls, extpre);//拿s1去匹配s2，得到s2中每个后缀与s1的最长公共前缀数组extpre
         exkmp(s1, s2, ls, extpos);//拿s2去匹配s1，得到s1中每个后缀与s2的最长公共前缀数组extpos

         int ans = -;
         for(int i = ; i <= ls - ; i++){//在长度为 i 处分割
             int sum = ;
             if(extpre[ls - i] == i)
                 sum += presum[i];
             if(extpos[i] == ls - i)
                 sum += presum[ls] - presum[i];
             if(sum > ans)
                 ans = sum;
         }
         printf("%d\n", ans);
     }
     return ;
 } 

 void get_next(char t[], int len){
     next[] = len;
     int k = ;
     while(k < len && t[k] == t[k - ])
         k++;
     next[] = k;

     int po = ;
     for(k = ; k< len; k++){
         if(next[k - po] + k < next[po] + po)
             next[k] = next[k - po];
         else{
             int j = next[po] + po - k;
             if(j < )
                 j = ;
             while(k + j < len && t[k] == t[k + j])
                 j++;

             next[k] = j;
             po = k;
         }
     }

 }

 void exkmp(char s[], char t[], int len, int ex[])
 {
     memset(next, , sizeof(next));
     get_next(t, len);

     int k=;
     while(k < len && s[k] == t[k])
         k++;
     ex[] = k;

     int po = ;
     for(k = ; k< len; k++){
         if(next[k - po] + k < ex[po] + po)
             ex[k] = next[k - po];
         else{
             int j = ex[po] + po - k;
             if(j < )
                 j = ;

             while(k + j < len && j < len && s[k + j] == t[j])
                 j++;
             ex[k] = j;
             po = k;
         }
     }
 }