MSSQL 将大表改成已分区表

--select * from sys.partition_functions
--select * from sys.partition_range_values
use [UpdateLog]
go
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ActionLog](
    [Guid] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL,
    [ActCode] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [ActSubCode] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [ActTime] [datetime] NULL,
    [ActInfo] [nvarchar](250) NULL,
    [ActType] [int] NULL,
    [KeyNum] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
    [IPAddress] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
    [MacAddress] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
    [OSVersion] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [OSBit] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [MemSize] [float] NULL,
    [CPUInfo] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [SoftName] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [OEMVersion] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [SoftBit] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [SoftVersion] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [AuthorType] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [UploadTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,
) ON UpdateLog_partition_scheme(UploadTime)

ALTER TABLE [ActionLog]
   ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_ActionLog] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED
(
    [Guid] ASC,[UploadTime] ASC
)
go
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX ix_ActionLog_UploadTime
ON [ActionLog]([UploadTime])
go

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UpdateLogs](
    [AutoKey] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [ActName] [varchar](200) NULL,
    [HostName] [varchar](200) NULL,
    [IP] [varchar](20) NULL,
    [OpDate] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [OpTime] [datetime]  NOT NULL,
    [RetCode] [int] NULL,
    [SN] [varchar](100) NULL,
    [SoftName] [varchar](200) NULL,
    [SoftVer] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [IPAddress] [nvarchar](500) NULL,
    [YearNum] [int] NULL,
    [MonthNum] [int] NULL,
    [DayNum] [int] NULL,
)ON UpdateLog_partition_scheme(OpTime)
go

ALTER TABLE [UpdateLogs]
   ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_UpdateLogs] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED
(
    [AutoKey] ASC,[OpTime] ASC
)
go
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX ix_UpdateLogs_OpTime
ON [UpdateLogs]([OpTime])
go

--select convert(varchar(50), ps.name) as partition_scheme,
--p.partition_number,
--convert(varchar(10), ds2.name) as filegroup,
--convert(varchar(19), isnull(v.value, ''), 120) as range_boundary,
--str(p.rows, 9) as rows
--from sys.indexes i
--join sys.partition_schemes ps on i.data_space_id = ps.data_space_id
--join sys.destination_data_spaces dds
--on ps.data_space_id = dds.partition_scheme_id
--join sys.data_spaces ds2 on dds.data_space_id = ds2.data_space_id
--join sys.partitions p on dds.destination_id = p.partition_number
--and p.object_id = i.object_id and p.index_id = i.index_id
--join sys.partition_functions pf on ps.function_id = pf.function_id
--LEFT JOIN sys.Partition_Range_values v on pf.function_id = v.function_id
--and v.boundary_id = p.partition_number - pf.boundary_value_on_right
--WHERE i.object_id = object_id('ActionLog')
--and i.index_id in (0, 1)
--order by p.partition_number

--select convert(varchar(50), ps.name) as partition_scheme,
--p.partition_number,
--convert(varchar(10), ds2.name) as filegroup,
--convert(varchar(19), isnull(v.value, ''), 120) as range_boundary,
--str(p.rows, 9) as rows
--from sys.indexes i
--join sys.partition_schemes ps on i.data_space_id = ps.data_space_id
--join sys.destination_data_spaces dds
--on ps.data_space_id = dds.partition_scheme_id
--join sys.data_spaces ds2 on dds.data_space_id = ds2.data_space_id
--join sys.partitions p on dds.destination_id = p.partition_number
--and p.object_id = i.object_id and p.index_id = i.index_id
--join sys.partition_functions pf on ps.function_id = pf.function_id
--LEFT JOIN sys.Partition_Range_values v on pf.function_id = v.function_id
--and v.boundary_id = p.partition_number - pf.boundary_value_on_right
--WHERE i.object_id = object_id('UpdateLogs')
--and i.index_id in (0, 1)
--order by p.partition_number

--DROP PARTITION SCHEME UpdateLog_partition_scheme
--DROP PARTITION function UpdateLog_partition_func

IF    OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb.dbo.#Tab_Partition_Fun') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
    DROP TABLE #Tab_Partition_Fun
END
create table #Tab_Partition_Fun(
    fun_val_date datetime
)

INSERT INTO #Tab_Partition_Fun(fun_val_date)
values('2000-01-01 00:00:00'),
('2016-01-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-01-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-02-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-03-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-04-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-05-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-06-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-07-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-08-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-09-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-10-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-11-01 00:00:00'),
('2017-12-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-01-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-02-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-03-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-04-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-05-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-06-01 00:00:00'),
('2018-07-01 00:00:00')

-- 文件组变量声明
declare @servername varchar(20) ;
declare @filegroup varchar(64) ;
-- 分组文件路径
declare @filegname varchar(300) ;

declare @sql varchar(1024) ;

declare @filenameprefix varchar(32);
declare @filedir varchar(1024) ;

declare @partition_func varchar(128) ;
declare @partition_scheme varchar(128) ;

declare @fun_val_date datetime

declare @EveyMonth varchar(6)

-- 变量赋值
set @servername = 'UpdateLog' ;
-- 文件名前缀
set @filenameprefix = 'UpdateLogPart' ;
-- 文件路径
set @filedir = 'D:\sqldata\';
-- 分区函数
set @partition_func = 'UpdateLog_partition_func';
-- 分区结构
set @partition_scheme = 'UpdateLog_partition_scheme';

set @sql = 'use '+ @servername;
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

declare @filegroupArr varchar(8000)
declare @fun_valArr varchar(8000)
set @filegroupArr=''
set @fun_valArr=''

declare auth_cur cursor for
select fun_val_date from #Tab_Partition_Fun
open auth_cur
fetch next from auth_cur into @fun_val_date
while (@@fetch_status=0)
  begin
  set @EveyMonth=left(convert(varchar,dateadd(ss,-1,@fun_val_date),112),6);
    set @filegroup = @filenameprefix+'Group'+@EveyMonth;
    set @filegname=@filenameprefix+@EveyMonth+ '.ndf';

    -- 添加文件组名
    set @sql = 'alter database ' + @servername + ' add filegroup '+ @filegroup;
    print @sql;
    exec(@sql);

    -- 将文件组与文件名绑定
    set @sql = 'alter database '+ @servername + ' add file (name=N'''+@filegroup+''',filename=N'''+@filedir+@filegname+''',size=5Mb,filegrowth=5mb) to filegroup '+@filegroup;
    print @sql;
    exec(@sql);

    set @filegroupArr=@filegroupArr+''''+CONVERT(varchar(100),  dateadd(ss,-1,@fun_val_date), 21)+''','
    set @fun_valArr=@fun_valArr+'['+@filegroup+'],'

    fetch next from auth_cur into @fun_val_date
  end
close auth_cur
deallocate auth_cur

 set @filegroupArr=left(@filegroupArr,len(@filegroupArr)-1)
 set @fun_valArr=left(@fun_valArr,len(@fun_valArr)-1)

 print @filegroupArr
 print @fun_valArr
-- 创建分区函数
set @sql = 'create partition function '+ @partition_func +'(DATETIME) as range left for values('+@filegroupArr+')';
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

-- 创建分区结构(将分区函数和分区组对应起来)
set @sql = 'create partition scheme '+ @partition_scheme +' as partition '+ @partition_func +' to('+@fun_valArr+',[Primary])';
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

第三个建立自动建分区

USE [UpdateLog]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_CreatePartitionTabel]    Script Date: 2018/7/25 13:43:08 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_CreatePartitionTabel]
AS
BEGIN

    declare @servername varchar(20) ;
declare @sql varchar(1000);
declare @filenameprefix varchar(32);

declare @filedir varchar(1024) ;

declare @partition_func varchar(128) ;
declare @partition_scheme varchar(128) ;
declare @cur_date varchar(128) ;

declare @EveyMonth varchar(6);
declare @filegroup varchar(200);
declare @filegname varchar(200);

-- 服务器名称
set @servername = 'UpdateLog' ;
-- 文件名前缀
set @filenameprefix = 'UpdateLogPart' ;
-- 文件路径
set @filedir = 'D:\sqldata\';
-- 分区函数
set @partition_func = 'UpdateLog_partition_func';
-- 分区结构
set @partition_scheme = 'UpdateLog_partition_scheme';

set @cur_date=dateadd(MM,1,GETDATE());
-- 文件组
set @EveyMonth = left(convert(varchar,dateadd(ss,-1,@cur_date),112),6);
set @filegroup =  @filenameprefix+'Group'+@EveyMonth;
set @filegname=@filenameprefix+@EveyMonth+ '.ndf';

---- 添加文件组
set @sql = 'alter database '+@servername+' add fileGroup '+@filegroup;
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

-- 将文件组与文件名绑定
set @sql = 'alter database '+ @servername + ' add file (name=N'''+@filegroup+''',filename=N'''+@filedir+@filegname+''',size=5Mb,filegrowth=5mb) to filegroup '+@filegroup;
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

-- 修改分区方案，用一个新的文件组用于存放下一新增的数据
set @sql='alter partition scheme '+ @partition_scheme +' next used  '+@filegroup;
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

-- 分区函数
set @sql= 'alter partition function ' + @partition_func  +'() split range (''' + CONVERT(varchar(100),  dateadd(ss,-1,@cur_date), 21)+''')';
print @sql;
exec(@sql);

END

利用SQL代理建立作业执行上面的存储过程

定时作业的制定 

企业管理器
--管理
--SQL Server代理
--右键作业
--新建作业
--"常规"项中输入作业名称
--"步骤"项
--新建
--"步骤名"中输入步骤名
--"类型"中选择"Transact-SQL 脚本(TSQL)"
--"数据库"选择执行命令的数据库
--"命令"中输入要执行的语句:
                       EXEC 存储过程名 ... --该存储过程用于创建表  

--确定
--"调度"项
--新建调度
--"名称"中输入调度名称
--"调度类型"中选择你的作业执行安排
--如果选择"反复出现"
--点"更改"来设置你的时间安排   

然后将SQL Agent服务启动,并设置为自动启动,否则你的作业不会被执行  

设置方法:
我的电脑--控制面板--管理工具--服务--右键 SQLSERVERAGENT--属性--启动类型--选择"自动启动"--确定.  

如果数据库代理意外关闭导至自己分区没有执行，当发现时可能晚了造成默认数据库文件特别大处理方法如下：

--1、补全之前的文件组
--2、新建数据库文件与对应有文件组对应起，注意文件路及文件名
--3、修改分区方案，注意：从前往后一个个设置
alter partition scheme UpdateLog_partition_scheme next used UpdateLogPartGroup201811 ;
--4、修改分区函数
alter partition function [UpdateLog_partition_func]() split range ('2018-11-30T23:59:59.000')