hive --service metastore 启动报错

1、问题示例：

[Hadoop@master Hive]$ hive --service metastore
2021-10-28 15:37:57: Starting Hive Metastore Server
MetaException(message:Error creating transactional connection factory)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:84)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHandler.java:93)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8661)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8656)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.startMetaStore(HiveMetaStore.java:8926)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.main(HiveMetaStore.java:8843)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: MetaException(message:Error creating transactional connection factory)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invokeInternal(RetryingHMSHandler.java:208)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invoke(RetryingHMSHandler.java:108)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:80)
... 11 more
Caused by: javax.jdo.JDOFatalInternalException: Error creating transactional connection factory
NestedThrowables:
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:671)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.freezeConfiguration(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:830)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.createPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:334)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:213)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper$16.run(JDOHelper.java:1965)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.invoke(JDOHelper.java:1960)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.invokeGetPersistenceManagerFactoryOnImplementation(JDOHelper.java:1166)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:808)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:701)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getPMF(ObjectStore.java:650)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getPersistenceManager(ObjectStore.java:693)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.initializeHelper(ObjectStore.java:483)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.initialize(ObjectStore.java:420)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.setConf(ObjectStore.java:375)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setConf(ReflectionUtils.java:79)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:139)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.<init>(RawStoreProxy.java:59)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.getProxy(RawStoreProxy.java:67)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.newRawStoreForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:718)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMSForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:696)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStore.java:690)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(HiveMetaStore.java:773)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.init(HiveMetaStore.java:538)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invokeInternal(RetryingHMSHandler.java:147)
... 13 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor74.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.NonManagedPluginRegistry.createExecutableExtension(NonManagedPluginRegistry.java:606)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.PluginManager.createExecutableExtension(PluginManager.java:330)
at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.registerConnectionFactory(AbstractStoreManager.java:203)
at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.<init>(AbstractStoreManager.java:162)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.<init>(RDBMSStoreManager.java:285)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor73.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.NonManagedPluginRegistry.createExecutableExtension(NonManagedPluginRegistry.java:606)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.PluginManager.createExecutableExtension(PluginManager.java:301)
at org.datanucleus.NucleusContextHelper.createStoreManagerForProperties(NucleusContextHelper.java:133)
at org.datanucleus.PersistenceNucleusContextImpl.initialise(PersistenceNucleusContextImpl.java:422)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.freezeConfiguration(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:817)
... 43 more
Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusException: Attempt to invoke the "HikariCP" plugin to create a ConnectionPool gave an error : Failed to initialize pool: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.generateDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:232)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.initialiseDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:117)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.<init>(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:82)
... 59 more
Caused by: com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolInitializationException: Failed to initialize pool: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.throwPoolInitializationException(HikariPool.java:544)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:536)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:112)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.<init>(HikariDataSource.java:72)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.connectionpool.HikariCPConnectionPoolFactory.createConnectionPool(HikariCPConnectionPoolFactory.java:176)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.generateDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:213)
... 61 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:110)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:122)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:833)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:453)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:246)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:198)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:95)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:101)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:356)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:199)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:444)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:515)
... 65 more
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.UnableToConnectException: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor78.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:85)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.authentication.CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.nextAuthenticationStep(CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.java:128)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.authentication.CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.nextAuthenticationStep(CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.java:49)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeAuthenticationProvider.proceedHandshakeWithPluggableAuthentication(NativeAuthenticationProvider.java:432)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeAuthenticationProvider.connect(NativeAuthenticationProvider.java:210)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.connect(NativeProtocol.java:1353)
at com.mysql.cj.NativeSession.connect(NativeSession.java:157)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:953)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:823)
... 74 more
Exception in thread "main" MetaException(message:Error creating transactional connection factory)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:84)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHandler.java:93)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8661)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8656)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.startMetaStore(HiveMetaStore.java:8926)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.main(HiveMetaStore.java:8843)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: MetaException(message:Error creating transactional connection factory)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invokeInternal(RetryingHMSHandler.java:208)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invoke(RetryingHMSHandler.java:108)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:80)
... 11 more
Caused by: javax.jdo.JDOFatalInternalException: Error creating transactional connection factory
NestedThrowables:
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:671)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.freezeConfiguration(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:830)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.createPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:334)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:213)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper$16.run(JDOHelper.java:1965)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.invoke(JDOHelper.java:1960)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.invokeGetPersistenceManagerFactoryOnImplementation(JDOHelper.java:1166)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:808)
at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:701)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getPMF(ObjectStore.java:650)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getPersistenceManager(ObjectStore.java:693)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.initializeHelper(ObjectStore.java:483)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.initialize(ObjectStore.java:420)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.setConf(ObjectStore.java:375)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setConf(ReflectionUtils.java:79)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:139)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.<init>(RawStoreProxy.java:59)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.getProxy(RawStoreProxy.java:67)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.newRawStoreForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:718)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMSForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:696)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStore.java:690)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(HiveMetaStore.java:773)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.init(HiveMetaStore.java:538)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invokeInternal(RetryingHMSHandler.java:147)
... 13 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor74.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.NonManagedPluginRegistry.createExecutableExtension(NonManagedPluginRegistry.java:606)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.PluginManager.createExecutableExtension(PluginManager.java:330)
at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.registerConnectionFactory(AbstractStoreManager.java:203)
at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.<init>(AbstractStoreManager.java:162)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.<init>(RDBMSStoreManager.java:285)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor73.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.NonManagedPluginRegistry.createExecutableExtension(NonManagedPluginRegistry.java:606)
at org.datanucleus.plugin.PluginManager.createExecutableExtension(PluginManager.java:301)
at org.datanucleus.NucleusContextHelper.createStoreManagerForProperties(NucleusContextHelper.java:133)
at org.datanucleus.PersistenceNucleusContextImpl.initialise(PersistenceNucleusContextImpl.java:422)
at org.datanucleus.api.jdo.JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.freezeConfiguration(JDOPersistenceManagerFactory.java:817)
... 43 more
Caused by: org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusException: Attempt to invoke the "HikariCP" plugin to create a ConnectionPool gave an error : Failed to initialize pool: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.generateDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:232)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.initialiseDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:117)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.<init>(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:82)
... 59 more
Caused by: com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool$PoolInitializationException: Failed to initialize pool: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.throwPoolInitializationException(HikariPool.java:544)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:536)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:112)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.<init>(HikariDataSource.java:72)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.connectionpool.HikariCPConnectionPoolFactory.createConnectionPool(HikariCPConnectionPoolFactory.java:176)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.generateDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:213)
... 61 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:110)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:122)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:833)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:453)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:246)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:198)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:95)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:101)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:356)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:199)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:444)
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:515)
... 65 more
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.UnableToConnectException: Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor78.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:61)
at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:85)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.authentication.CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.nextAuthenticationStep(CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.java:128)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.authentication.CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.nextAuthenticationStep(CachingSha2PasswordPlugin.java:49)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeAuthenticationProvider.proceedHandshakeWithPluggableAuthentication(NativeAuthenticationProvider.java:432)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeAuthenticationProvider.connect(NativeAuthenticationProvider.java:210)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.connect(NativeProtocol.java:1353)
at com.mysql.cj.NativeSession.connect(NativeSession.java:157)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:953)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:823)
... 74 more

2、解决方案：

 （1）登录MySQL，使用Hive连接MySQL的账户。

　　笔者为Hive在MySQL建立了专有账户：Hive，如下所示：

[Hadoop@master hadoop-3.3.1]$ mysql -u Hive -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 90
Server version: 8.0.25 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

（2）进入MySQL上的“hive”数据库，此为hive工具在MySQL创建的元数据库。

　　下面“hive”数据库中用红色字体标识的表很关键

mysql> use hive;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------------------+
| Tables_in_hive |
+-------------------------------+
| AUX_TABLE |
| BUCKETING_COLS |
| CDS |
| COLUMNS_V2 |
| COMPACTION_QUEUE |
| COMPLETED_COMPACTIONS |
| COMPLETED_TXN_COMPONENTS |
| CTLGS |
| DATABASE_PARAMS |
| DBS |
| DB_PRIVS |
| DELEGATION_TOKENS |
| FUNCS |
| FUNC_RU |
| GLOBAL_PRIVS |
| HIVE_LOCKS |
| IDXS |
| INDEX_PARAMS |
| I_SCHEMA |
| KEY_CONSTRAINTS |
| MASTER_KEYS |
| MATERIALIZATION_REBUILD_LOCKS |
| METASTORE_DB_PROPERTIES |
| MIN_HISTORY_LEVEL |
| MV_CREATION_METADATA |
| MV_TABLES_USED |
| NEXT_COMPACTION_QUEUE_ID |
| NEXT_LOCK_ID |
| NEXT_TXN_ID |
| NEXT_WRITE_ID |
| NOTIFICATION_LOG |
| NOTIFICATION_SEQUENCE |
| NUCLEUS_TABLES |
| PARTITIONS |
| PARTITION_EVENTS |
| PARTITION_KEYS |
| PARTITION_KEY_VALS |
| PARTITION_PARAMS |
| PART_COL_PRIVS |
| PART_COL_STATS |
| PART_PRIVS |
| REPL_TXN_MAP |
| ROLES |
| ROLE_MAP |
| RUNTIME_STATS |
| SCHEMA_VERSION |
| SDS |
| SD_PARAMS |
| SEQUENCE_TABLE |
| SERDES |
| SERDE_PARAMS |
| SKEWED_COL_NAMES |
| SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES |
| SKEWED_VALUES |
| SORT_COLS |
| TABLE_PARAMS |
| TAB_COL_STATS |
| TBLS |
| TBL_COL_PRIVS |
| TBL_PRIVS |
| TXNS |
| TXN_COMPONENTS |
| TXN_TO_WRITE_ID |
| TYPES |
| TYPE_FIELDS |
| VERSION |
| WM_MAPPING |
| WM_POOL |
| WM_POOL_TO_TRIGGER |
| WM_RESOURCEPLAN |
| WM_TRIGGER |
| WRITE_SET |
+-------------------------------+
74 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（3）向‘hive’数据库表插入数据中，须插入表：“NEXT_LOCK_ID”、“NEXT_COMPACTION_QUEUE_ID”、“NEXT_TXN_ID”。

mysql> insert into NEXT_LOCK_ID value(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.18 sec)

mysql> insert into NEXT_COMPACTION_QUEUE_ID values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)

mysql> insert into NEXT_TXN_ID values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

（4）重新启动hive metastore 服务。

[Hadoop@master Hive]$ hive --service metastore &

到此已解决问题。

3、问题剖析：

（1）当Hive支持事务操作，除需要配置或设置必要参数时，还须向支持事务的元数据库表中插入数值，

　　  否则会出现在hive中无法执行行级更新和无法启动元数据服务。

（2）即使Hive直接连接MySQL元数据库，依然无法避免本示例问题的出现。

（3）出现本示例的问题的直接原因是，笔者在HIVE的配置文件（hive-site.xml）中配置了永久支持事务的相关参数，但未提前对MySQL中hive元数据库中相关表中属性值进行设置。

（4）注：该问题，并不完全是上述因素导致。

愿后来者避开此莫名的坑，都是无知的错。

笔者苦苦查询，居然没有找到相关资料，尝试过多种测试，甚至是软件重装、集群系统重启 ，配置文件、参数不知修改了多少次，竟无所获。

偶然瞥见，随手一试，竟豁然开朗，蓦然回首，竟是如此一般。