android 蓝牙连接与通讯(Bluetooth)

最近做了一个小项目，关于蓝牙的一个智能硬件。其中涉及到了蓝牙模块的操作。特记下蓝牙模块的操作过程。只记录下关于蓝牙部分的操作，具体业务逻辑不涉及其中。重点是记录下蓝牙的扫描、链接、通讯。

在使用蓝牙模块之前要判断设备是否支持蓝牙模块:

 if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(
     PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
      .show();
   }

定义Service，与蓝牙模块进行通讯,在后台运行：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.njzoff.cushion.broadcast;

import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Service for managing connection and data communication with a GATT server hosted on a
 * given Bluetooth LE device.
 */
public class BluetoothLeService extends Service {
    private final static String TAG = BluetoothLeService.class.getSimpleName();

    private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;

    public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
    public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
    public final static String EXTRA_DATA =
            "com.example.bluetooth.le.EXTRA_DATA";

    public final static UUID UUID_NOTIFY =
            UUID.fromString("0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    public final static UUID UUID_SERVICE =
        UUID.fromString("0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");

    public BluetoothGattCharacteristic mNotifyCharacteristic;

    public void WriteValue(String strValue)
    {
        mNotifyCharacteristic.setValue(strValue.getBytes());
        mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(mNotifyCharacteristic);
    }

    public void findService(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices)
    {
        Log.i(TAG, "Count is:" + gattServices.size());
        for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices)
        {
            Log.i(TAG, gattService.getUuid().toString());
            Log.i(TAG, UUID_SERVICE.toString());
            if(gattService.getUuid().toString().equalsIgnoreCase(UUID_SERVICE.toString()))
            {
                List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =
                    gattService.getCharacteristics();
                Log.i(TAG, "Count is:" + gattCharacteristics.size());
                for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic :
                    gattCharacteristics)
                {
                    if(gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString().equalsIgnoreCase(UUID_NOTIFY.toString()))
                    {
                        Log.i(TAG, gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString());
                        Log.i(TAG, UUID_NOTIFY.toString());
                        mNotifyCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;
                        setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic, true);
                        broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Implements callback methods for GATT events that the app cares about.  For example,
    // connection change and services discovered.
    private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            String intentAction;
            Log.i(TAG, "oldStatus=" + status + " NewStates=" + newState);
            if(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)
            {

            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;

                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
                Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" +
                        mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());
            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
                mBluetoothGatt.close();
                mBluetoothGatt = null;
                Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
            }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
                findService(gatt.getServices());
            } else {
                if(mBluetoothGatt.getDevice().getUuids() == null)
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                         int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                            BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            Log.e(TAG, "OnCharacteristicWrite");
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                        int status)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, "OnCharacteristicWrite");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDescriptorRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattDescriptor bd,
                                         int status) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onDescriptorRead");
        }

        @Override
        public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattDescriptor bd,
                                         int status) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onDescriptorWrite");
        }

        @Override
        public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int a, int b)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, "onReadRemoteRssi");
        }

        @Override
        public void onReliableWriteCompleted(BluetoothGatt gatt, int a)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, "onReliableWriteCompleted");
        }

    };

    private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
                                 final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);

        // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile.  Data parsing is
        // carried out as per profile specifications:
        // http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
            // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
        final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
        if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
            //final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);
            //for(byte byteChar : data)
            //    stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
            //intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" + stringBuilder.toString());
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data));
        }
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        public BluetoothLeService getService() {
            return BluetoothLeService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        // After using a given device, you should make sure that BluetoothGatt.close() is called
        // such that resources are cleaned up properly.  In this particular example, close() is
        // invoked when the UI is disconnected from the Service.
        close();
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();

    /**
     * Initializes a reference to the local Bluetooth adapter.
     *
     * @return Return true if the initialization is successful.
     */
    public boolean initialize() {
        // For API level 18 and above, get a reference to BluetoothAdapter through
        // BluetoothManager.
        if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
            mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
            if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
                return false;
            }
        }

        mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.
     *
     * @param address The device address of the destination device.
     *
     * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The connection result
     *         is reported asynchronously through the
     *         {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     *         callback.
     */
    public boolean connect(final String address) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
            return false;
        }
/*
        // Previously connected device.  Try to reconnect.
        if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
                && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
            if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
*/
        BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
        if (device == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");
            return false;
        }
        // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the autoConnect
        // parameter to false.
        if(mBluetoothGatt != null)
        {
            mBluetoothGatt.close();
            mBluetoothGatt = null;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
        //mBluetoothGatt.connect();

        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The disconnection result
     * is reported asynchronously through the
     * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     * callback.
     */
    public void disconnect() {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
    }

    /**
     * After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure resources are
     * released properly.
     */
    public void close() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.close();
        mBluetoothGatt = null;
    }

    /**
     * Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read result is reported
     * asynchronously through the {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
     * callback.
     *
     * @param characteristic The characteristic to read from.
     */
    public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    }

    /**
     * Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
     *
     * @param characteristic Characteristic to act on.
     * @param enabled If true, enable notification.  False otherwise.
     */
    public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                              boolean enabled) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
/*
        // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
        if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
            BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(
                    UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
            descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
            mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
        }
        */
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This should be
     * invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()} completes successfully.
     *
     * @return A {@code List} of supported services.
     */
    public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) return null;

        return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
    }
}

定义BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

 BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
　　mBluetoothAdapter =bluetoothManager .getAdapter();  //取得系统蓝牙模块适配器

// 扫描设备
    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {

        if (enable) {
            Log.d("SacanLeDevice", "1 step start ScanLedevice");
            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (mScanning) {
                        mScanning = false;
                        mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(
                                mLeScanCallback);//停止扫描
                        invalidateOptionsMenu();
                    }
                }
            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            mScanning = true;
            // F000E0FF-0451-4000-B000-000000000000
            liDevices.clear();
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0);
            mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);//开始扫描设备
        } else {
            Log.d("SacanLeDevice", "4 step  stop  Sacan device");
            mScanning = false;
            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        }

    }
//蓝牙设备
private List<BluetoothDevice> liDevices = new ArrayList<BluetoothDevice>();

// 扫描蓝牙设备的回调
 private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {

@Override
  public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi,
    final byte[] scanRecord) {
   runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
     Log.d("SacanLeDevice", "2 step  add device");
     liDevices.add(device);
     // mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
     mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
    }
   });
  }
 };

//通过handle取出扫描结果并进行其他操作，我这这里是判断扫描结果中是否有上次链接的缓存记录，如果有进行自动重连

// Hander
 public final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
  @Override
  public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   switch (msg.what) {
   case 1: // Notify change
    Log.d("SacanLeDevice", "3 step  cnnect device");
    if (!CoushionApplication.isconnect && liDevices.size() > 0) {// 如果没有连接，并且已经扫描到蓝牙设备
     SharedPreferences mySharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(
       "device", Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
     String address = mySharedPreferences.getString(
       "DeviceAddress", "");// 获取上次链接的设备地址
     if (!address.equals("")) {
      for (int i = 0; i < liDevices.size(); i++) {
       if (liDevices.get(i).getAddress().equals(address)) {

　　　　　　BluetoothLeService.connect(address);//根据地址链接蓝牙设备

break;
       }
      }
     }
    }

break;
   }
  }
 };

定义一个广播接收器，接受设备连接蓝牙状态的一个广播：

mGattUpdateReceiver = new GattupdateReceiver();
        mGattUpdateReceiver.setBluetoothConnetinteface(this);
        registerReceiver(mGattUpdateReceiver,
                makeGattUpdateIntentFilter());

public static IntentFilter makeGattUpdateIntentFilter() { // 注册接收的事件
        final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
        intentFilter
                .addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_UUID);
        return intentFilter;
    }

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;

public class GattupdateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public static String TAG = "GattupdateReceiver";
    String data ;
    private BluetoothConnetListen mBluetoothConnetListen;//实现接口

    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
            case 0: // 连接成功
                if (mBluetoothConnetListen != null) {
                    mBluetoothConnetListen.SuccessConnect();
                }
                break;
            case 1: // 链接中断
                if (mBluetoothConnetListen != null) {
                    mBluetoothConnetListen.CancelConnect();
                }
                break;
            case 2: // 可以进行数据通信
                CoushionApplication.isconnect = true;
                if (mBluetoothConnetListen != null) {
                    mBluetoothConnetListen.onDoThing();
                }
                break;
            case 3: // 接受到数据

                if (mBluetoothConnetListen != null) {
                    mBluetoothConnetListen.ReceiveData(data);
                }

                break;
            }
        }
    };

    public void setBluetoothConnetinteface(BluetoothConnetListen m) {
        mBluetoothConnetListen = m;
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        final String action = intent.getAction();
        Log.d(TAG, "Action==" + action);
        if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED.equals(action)) { //连接成功
            Log.e(TAG, "Only gatt, just wait");

            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0);

        } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED.equals(action)) { //连接失败
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
               } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED
                .equals(action)) //可以通信
        {
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(2);

        } else if (BluetoothLeService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE.equals(action)) { //接受到数据
            Log.e(TAG, "RECV DATA");

            data = intent.getStringExtra(BluetoothLeService.EXTRA_DATA);
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(3);
                   }
    }

}

在activity中实现接口后 BluetoothConnetListen。即可多蓝牙模块进行操作了。

mBluetoothLeService.WriteValue(edtSend.getText().toString());//向蓝牙发送指令或者数据