GCC特性之__init修饰解析 - kasalyn的专栏 - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET

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GCC特性之__init修饰解析

在driver文件中经常看到"__init"修饰的代码，那么__init标记有什么意义？

先看下面这段英文说明：（include/linux/init.h)

1. /* These macros are used to mark some functions or
2. * initialized data (doesn't apply to uninitialized data)
3. * as `initialization' functions. The kernel can take this
4. * as hint that the function is used only during the initialization
5. * phase and free up used memory resources after
6. *
7. * Usage:
8. * For functions:
9. *
10. * You should add __init immediately before the function name, like:
11. *
12. * static void __init initme(int x, int y)
13. * {
14. *    extern int z; z = x * y;
15. * }
16. *
17. * If the function has a prototype somewhere, you can also add
18. * __init between closing brace of the prototype and semicolon:
19. *
20. * extern int initialize_foobar_device(int, int, int) __init;
21. *
22. * For initialized data:
23. * You should insert __initdata between the variable name and equal
24. * sign followed by value, e.g.:
25. *
26. * static int init_variable __initdata = 0;
27. * static const char linux_logo[] __initconst = { 0x32, 0x36, ... };
28. *
29. * Don't forget to initialize data not at file scope, i.e. within a function,
30. * as gcc otherwise puts the data into the bss section and not into the init
31. * section.
32. *
33. * Also note, that this data cannot be "const".
34. */
35. /* These are for everybody (although not all archs will actually
36. discard it in modules) */
37. #define __init      __section(.init.text) __cold notrace
38. #define __initdata  __section(.init.data)
39. #define __initconst __section(.init.rodata)
40. #define __exitdata  __section(.exit.data)
41. #define __exit_call __used __section(.exitcall.exit)
42. /*
43. * modpost check for section mismatches during the kernel build.
44. * A section mismatch happens when there are references from a
45. * code or data section to an init section (both code or data).
46. * The init sections are (for most archs) discarded by the kernel
47. * when early init has completed so all such references are potential bugs.
48. * For exit sections the same issue exists.
49. *
50. * The following markers are used for the cases where the reference to
51. * the *init / *exit section (code or data) is valid and will teach
52. * modpost not to issue a warning.  Intended semantics is that a code or
53. * data tagged __ref* can reference code or data from init section without
54. * producing a warning (of course, no warning does not mean code is
55. * correct, so optimally document why the __ref is needed and why it's OK).
56. *
57. * The markers follow same syntax rules as __init / __initdata.
58. */
59. #define __ref            __section(.ref.text) noinline
60. #define __refdata        __section(.ref.data)
61. #define __refconst       __section(.ref.rodata)
62. /* compatibility defines */
63. #define __init_refok     __ref
64. #define __initdata_refok __refdata
65. #define __exit_refok     __ref
66. #ifdef MODULE
67. #define __exitused
68. #else
69. #define __exitused  __used
70. #endif
71. #define __exit          __section(.exit.text) __exitused __cold notrace

/* These macros are used to mark some functions or
 * initialized data (doesn't apply to uninitialized data)
 * as `initialization' functions. The kernel can take this
 * as hint that the function is used only during the initialization
 * phase and free up used memory resources after
 *
 * Usage:
 * For functions:
 *
 * You should add __init immediately before the function name, like:
 *
 * static void __init initme(int x, int y)
 * {
 *    extern int z; z = x * y;
 * }
 *
 * If the function has a prototype somewhere, you can also add
 * __init between closing brace of the prototype and semicolon:
 *
 * extern int initialize_foobar_device(int, int, int) __init;
 *
 * For initialized data:
 * You should insert __initdata between the variable name and equal
 * sign followed by value, e.g.:
 *
 * static int init_variable __initdata = 0;
 * static const char linux_logo[] __initconst = { 0x32, 0x36, ... };
 *
 * Don't forget to initialize data not at file scope, i.e. within a function,
 * as gcc otherwise puts the data into the bss section and not into the init
 * section.
 *
 * Also note, that this data cannot be "const".
 */

/* These are for everybody (although not all archs will actually
   discard it in modules) */
#define __init		__section(.init.text) __cold notrace
#define __initdata	__section(.init.data)
#define __initconst	__section(.init.rodata)
#define __exitdata	__section(.exit.data)
#define __exit_call	__used __section(.exitcall.exit)

/*
 * modpost check for section mismatches during the kernel build.
 * A section mismatch happens when there are references from a
 * code or data section to an init section (both code or data).
 * The init sections are (for most archs) discarded by the kernel
 * when early init has completed so all such references are potential bugs.
 * For exit sections the same issue exists.
 *
 * The following markers are used for the cases where the reference to
 * the *init / *exit section (code or data) is valid and will teach
 * modpost not to issue a warning.  Intended semantics is that a code or
 * data tagged __ref* can reference code or data from init section without
 * producing a warning (of course, no warning does not mean code is
 * correct, so optimally document why the __ref is needed and why it's OK).
 *
 * The markers follow same syntax rules as __init / __initdata.
 */
#define __ref            __section(.ref.text) noinline
#define __refdata        __section(.ref.data)
#define __refconst       __section(.ref.rodata)

/* compatibility defines */
#define __init_refok     __ref
#define __initdata_refok __refdata
#define __exit_refok     __ref

#ifdef MODULE
#define __exitused
#else
#define __exitused  __used
#endif

#define __exit          __section(.exit.text) __exitused __cold notrace

是不是很清楚了？"__init"仅告诉kernel，此函数仅在初始化阶段使用，使用后所占用的内存资源会释放

常用实例：

module_init(hello_init);

static int __init hello_init(void)

{

    printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello, world!/n");

    return 0;

}

关于module_init可参考 下面的解释：（include/linux/init.h)

1. /**
2. * module_init() - driver initialization entry point
3. * @x: function to be run at kernel boot time or module insertion
4. *
5. * module_init() will either be called during do_initcalls() (if
6. * builtin) or at module insertion time (if a module).  There can only
7. * be one per module.
8. */
9. #define module_init(x)  __initcall(x);
10. /**
11. * module_exit() - driver exit entry point
12. * @x: function to be run when driver is removed
13. *
14. * module_exit() will wrap the driver clean-up code
15. * with cleanup_module() when used with rmmod when
16. * the driver is a module.  If the driver is statically
17. * compiled into the kernel, module_exit() has no effect.
18. * There can only be one per module.
19. */
20. #define module_exit(x)  __exitcall(x);

/**
 * module_init() - driver initialization entry point
 * @x: function to be run at kernel boot time or module insertion
 *
 * module_init() will either be called during do_initcalls() (if
 * builtin) or at module insertion time (if a module).  There can only
 * be one per module.
 */
#define module_init(x)	__initcall(x);

/**
 * module_exit() - driver exit entry point
 * @x: function to be run when driver is removed
 *
 * module_exit() will wrap the driver clean-up code
 * with cleanup_module() when used with rmmod when
 * the driver is a module.  If the driver is statically
 * compiled into the kernel, module_exit() has no effect.
 * There can only be one per module.
 */
#define module_exit(x)	__exitcall(x);

关于__initcall(x) 可继续参考此文件：(include/linux/init.h)

1. #define __initcall(fn) device_initcall(fn)
2. #define device_initcall(fn)        __define_initcall("6",fn,6)

#define __initcall(fn) device_initcall(fn) 

#define device_initcall(fn)        __define_initcall("6",fn,6)

关于宏__define_initcall 可结合上一篇

LINUX内核中的xx_initcall初始化标号

得到进一步理解

*******Done******

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color: #369;
width: 99%;
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
font: normal normal 12px/23px "SimSun";
height: 23px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 10px;
margin-right: 30px;
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