Python+selenium之带unittest的脚本分析

 from selenium import webdriver
 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, NoAlertPresentException
 import unittest, time, re

 class Baidu(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
         self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
         self.base_url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
         self.verificationErrors = []
         self.accept_next_alert = True

     def test_baidu(self):
         driver = self.driver
         driver.get(self.base_url + "/")
         driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("selenium webdriver")
         driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
         driver.close()

     def is_element_present(self, how, what):
         try:
             self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)
         except NoSuchElementException as e:
             return False
         return True

     def is_alert_present(self):
         try:
             self.driver.switch_to_alert()
         except NoAlertPresentException as e:
             return False
         return True

     def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
         try:
             alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert()
             alert_text = alert.text
             if self.accept_next_alert:
                 alert.accept()
             else:
                 alert.dismiss()
             return alert_text
         finally:
             self.accept_next_alert = True

     def tearDown(self):
         self.driver.quit()
         self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

****注：以上代码适用与Python2.7版本，Python3.0版本会报错

import unittest
1.首先导入unittest模块
class BaiduTest(unittest.TestCase)
2.BaiduTest类继承unittest框架的TestCase类成为标准测试类

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.base_url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
        self.verificationErrors = []
        self.accept_next_alert = True
1.setUp用于设置初始化工作，在执行每一测试用例前先被执行，它与tearDown方法相呼应，后者在每一个测试用例执行后被执行。初始化工作定义了浏览器启动和基础URL地址。
2.implicitly_wait()设置页面上元素的隐性等待时间为30s
3.verificationErrors数组，脚本运行时的错误信息将被记录到这个数组中。
4.定义accept_next_alert变量，表示是否继续接受下一个警告，初始状态为True

 def is_element_present(self, how, what):
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)
        except NoSuchElementException as e:
            return False
        return True
1.is_element_present方法用于查找页面元素是否存在，通过find_element()来接收元素的定位方法（how）和定位值（what）。
如果定位到元素则返回True。否则爆出异常并返回False。try.....except....为Python语言的异常处理。

    def is_alert_present(self):
        try:
            self.driver.switch_to_alert()
        except NoAlertPresentException as e:
            return False
        return True
1.is_alert_prent()方法用于判断当前页面是否存在警告框，利用WebDriver提供的switch_to_alert()方法来捕捉页面上的警告框。
如果捕捉到警告框则返回True。否者跑输NoAlertPrentException类型的异常，并返回False

2.鉴于不管页面是否出现警告框，返回结果都为True。所以可以通过dirver.switch_to_alert().text，用于获取当前页面上的警告提示信息。可以获取到就返回True，获取不到则返回False。

    def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
        try:
            alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert()
            alert_text = alert.text
            if self.accept_next_alert:
                alert.accept()
            else:
                alert.dismiss()
            return alert_text
        finally:
            self.accept_next_alert = True
1.close_alert_and_get_its_text()关闭警告并获得警告信息。
2.通过switch_to_alert()获得警告，通过text获得警告框的信息。
3.然后通过if语句判断accept_naxt_alert的状态，在setUp（）中已经初始化状态为True，如果为True，则通过accept（）接受警告，否者dismiss（）忽略警告。

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()
        self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
1.tearDown（）方法在每个测试方法执行后调用，这个方法用于测试用例执行后的清理工作。如退出浏览器，关闭驱动，恢复用例执行状态。
2.在setUp（）方法中定义了verificationErrors为空数组，这里通过assertEqual（）比较其是否为空，如果为空则说明用例执行的过程中没有出现异常，否则将抛出AssertionErrory异常。

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()
通过unittest。main（）方法来运行当前文件中的测试方法，其默认匹配并运行以test开头的方法。

**********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

以上代码从《虫师》copy，但是会报如下的错误

解决的办法：注释掉driver.close()

 from selenium import webdriver
 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, NoAlertPresentException
 import unittest, time, re

 class Baidu (unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.driver = webdriver.Firefox ()
         self.driver.implicitly_wait (30)
         self.base_url = "http://XXXXXXXX    /oneCard/login"
         self.verificationErrors = []
         self.accept_next_alert = True

     def test_baidu(self):
         driver = self.driver
         driver.get (self.base_url + "/")
         driver.find_element_by_name ("username").clear ()
         driver.find_element_by_name ("username").send_keys ("super")
         driver.find_element_by_name ("password").clear ()
         driver.find_element_by_name ("password").send_keys ("XXXXXXX")
         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div/div[2]/form/fieldset/div[4]/button").click ()
         time.sleep (3)

         # 进入卡入库界面
         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='sidebar-menu']/div/ul/li[1]/a").click ()
         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='sidebar-menu']/div/ul/li[1]/ul/li[1]/a").click ()
         time.sleep (3)

         # 点击卡入库，进入卡入库
         driver.switch_to.frame (driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='tabBody']/div[2]/div/iframe"))
         driver.find_element_by_link_text ("入库").click ()
         time.sleep (3)
         driver.switch_to.default_content ()
         driver.switch_to.frame (driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='tabBody']/div[3]/div/iframe"))
         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardNo").clear ()
         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardNo").send_keys ("")

         time.sleep (3)
         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardChipId").clear ()
         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardChipId").send_keys ("")
         # 输入外部成本 和内部成本
         driver.find_element_by_id ("costInternal").clear ()
         driver.find_element_by_id ("costInternal").send_keys (1)
         time.sleep (2)
         driver.find_element_by_id ("costExternal").clear ()
         driver.find_element_by_id ("costExternal").send_keys (10)
         # 提交
         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='btnSubmit']").click ()

     def is_element_present(self, how, what):
         try:
             self.driver.find_element (by=how, value=what)
         except NoSuchElementException as e:
             return False
         return True

     def is_alert_present(self):
         try:
             self.driver.switch_to_alert ()
         except NoAlertPresentException as e:
             return False
         return True

     def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
         try:
             alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert ()
             alert_text = alert.text
             print(alert_text)
             if self.accept_next_alert:
                 alert.accept ()
             else:
                 alert.dismiss ()
             return alert_text
         finally:
             self.accept_next_alert = True

     def tearDown(self):
         self.driver.quit ()
         self.assertEqual ([], self.verificationErrors)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main ()