SSM框架-----------SpringMVC+Spring+Mybatis框架整合详细教程

1、基本概念

1.1、Spring

Spring是一个开源框架，Spring是于2003 年兴起的一个轻量级的Java 开发框架，由Rod Johnson 在其著作Expert One-On-One J2EE Development and Design中阐述的部分理念和原型衍生而来。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。然而，Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言，任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。 简单来说，Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转（IoC）和面向切面（AOP）的容器框架。

1.2、SpringMVC  

Spring MVC属于SpringFrameWork的后续产品，已经融合在Spring Web Flow里面。Spring MVC 分离了控制器、模型对象、分派器以及处理程序对象的角色，这种分离让它们更容易进行定制。

1.3、MyBatis

MyBatis 本是apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年这个项目由apache software foundation 迁移到了google code，并且改名为MyBatis 。MyBatis是一个基于Java的持久层框架。iBATIS提供的持久层框架包括SQL Maps和Data Access Objects（DAO）MyBatis 消除了几乎所有的JDBC代码和参数的手工设置以及结果集的检索。MyBatis 使用简单的 XML或注解用于配置和原始映射，将接口和 Java 的POJOs（Plain Old Java Objects，普通的 Java对象）映射成数据库中的记录。

2.需要的jar包

需要的jar包主要分为以下几类：

1.mysql数据库驱动包以及数据库连接池相关包

2.mybatis框架包和mybatis+spring框架整合包

3.spring包

jar包如下图所示：

3.配置school-mybatis.xml

该配置文件默认存放在src目录下，school-mybatis.xml具体配置如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mybatis="http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">      

     <!-- 自动扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.wallance" />
    <!-- 引入配置文件 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer"
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
    </bean>  

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
        destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" />
        <property name="url" value="${url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${password}" />  

        <!-- 配置连接池的初始值 -->
        <property name="initialSize" value="1" />
        <!-- 连接池的最大值 -->
        <!-- <property name="maxActive" value="500"/> -->
        <!-- 最大空闲时，当经过一个高峰之后，连接池可以将一些用不到的连接释放，一直减少到maxIdle为止 -->
        <!-- <property name="maxIdle" value="2"/> -->
        <!-- 当最小空闲时，当连接少于minIdle时会自动去申请一些连接 -->
        <property name="minIdle" value="1" />
        <property name="maxActive" value="100" />
        <property name="maxIdle" value="20" />
        <property name="maxWait" value="1000" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合，不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <!-- 自动扫描mapping.xml文件 -->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:cn/wallance/mapping/*.xml"></property>
    </bean>  

    <!-- DAO接口所在包名，Spring会自动查找其下的类 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="cn.wallance.dao" />
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>  

    <!-- (事务管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>    

</beans>

ps：jdbc.properties文件内容如下所示：

4.配置school-servlet.xml文件

school-servlet.xml文件中主要配置spring框架的信息，具体如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">

      <!-- 开启注解 -->
      <mvc:annotation-driven/>
      <!-- 设置组件扫描的基础包 -->
      <context:component-scan base-package="cn.wallance.web"/>

      <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
      <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
          <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/school/" />
          <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
      </bean>

</beans>

5.配置web.xml,整合SSM框架

web.xml文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

  <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
  <servlet>
     <servlet-name>school</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>school</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- Spring 的监听器可以通过这个上下文参数来获取school-mybatis.xml的位置 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:school-mybatis.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

    <!-- 创建Spring的监听器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!-- 创建字符过滤器 -->
  <filter>
     <filter-name>CharacterFilter</filter-name>
     <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
     <init-param>
         <param-name>encoding</param-name>
         <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
     </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>CharacterFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

6.项目整体框架

6.1 dao包介绍

主要是数据库操作(基于mybatis)，分别是一个dao接口和一个dao类。

IUserDao接口：

package cn.wallance.dao;

import java.util.List;

import cn.wallance.domain.User;

public interface IUserDao {
    public abstract List<User> selectAll();
}

IUSerDaoImpl类：

package cn.wallance.dao;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.support.SqlSessionDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import cn.wallance.domain.User;

@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements IUserDao {

    @Resource
    public void setSuperSessionFactory(SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory){
        this.setSqlSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
    }

    public List<User> selectAll() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        List<User> users = this.getSqlSession().selectList("getUser");
        return users;
    }

}

6.2 service包

IUSerService接口：

package cn.wallance.service;

import java.util.List;

import cn.wallance.domain.User;

public interface IUserService {
    public abstract List<User> selectAll();

}

UserServiceImpl类：

package cn.wallance.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import cn.wallance.dao.IUserDao;
import cn.wallance.domain.User;

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
    private IUserDao userDao;

    public IUserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    @Resource
    public void setUserDao(IUserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> selectAll() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return userDao.selectAll();
    }

}

6.3 mapping包

该包下主要是mapper文件

usermapper.xml映射文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.wallance.mapping.classMapper">
    <select id="getUser" resultType="cn.wallance.domain.User">
        select * from users
    </select>
</mapper>

6.4 domain包

该包下主要是实体类。

USer类如下所示：

package cn.wallance.domain;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User(){
    }

    public User(int id, String name, int age) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @GeneratedValue
    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

6.5.web包

该包下主要是contrller类：

package cn.wallance.web;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import cn.wallance.domain.User;
import cn.wallance.service.IUserService;

@Controller
public class HomeController {
    private IUserService userService;

    public IUserService getUserService() {
        return userService;
    }

    @Resource
    public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String home(Model model){
        List<User> users = userService.selectAll();
        model.addAttribute("users", users);
        return "home";
    }

}

6.6 Jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">

    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->
  </head>

  <body>
    <table>
       <tr>
        <td>ID</td>
        <td>NAME</td>
        <td>AGE</td>
       </tr>
       <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
       <tr>
       <td>${user.id}</td>
       <td>${user.name}</td>
       <td>${user.age}</td>
       </tr>
       </c:forEach>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>

7.项目实际运行效果

至此，SSM框架整合工作已经全部完成，大家可以在此基础上进行进一步的功能扩展！

写在最后：

代码GitHub地址：https://github.com/bywallance01/SSM_School_System