centos6安装多实例mysql

linux系统centos 6.5，使用二进制安装多实例mysql 5.5.60

所需安装包mysql-5.5.60-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz、ncurses-devel-5.7-4.20090207.el6.x86_64.rpm、libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm

在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口，运行多个mysql服务进程，这些mysql多实例共用一套mysql安装程序，使用不同（也可以相同）的my.cnf配置文件、启动程序、数据文件，多个实例根据配置文件对应的设定值来取得对应数量的服务器相关硬件资源。多实例类似合租的各个房间，硬件资源相当于公用的厨房、卫生间和客厅

创建更新包目录，并将三个安装包上传至该目录下，赋予执行权限

[root@oldboy ~]# mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools
[root@oldboy ~]# cd /home/oldboy/tools
[root@oldboy tools]# chmod +x *
[root@oldboy tools]# rpm -ivh --nodeps ncurses-devel-5.7-4.20090207.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@oldboy tools]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.-.el6.x86_64.rpm

创建用户和组、解压二进制mysql安装包、并创建软连接

[root@oldboy tools]# groupadd mysql
[root@oldboy tools]# useradd -M mysql -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin
[root@oldboy tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@oldboy tools]# mkdir -p /application/
[root@oldboy tools]# mv mysql-5.5.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.
[root@oldboy tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5./ /application/mysql

以/data目录作为mysql多实例的总根目录，在/data下创建mysql实例端口号3306、3307的二级目录，不同的端口号代表不同的实例，各个实例目录下又包含各自的数据文件、配置文件及启动文件。

[root@oldboy tools]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@oldboy tools]# cd /mnt/Packages/
[root@oldboy Packages]# rpm -ivh tree-1.5.-.el6.x86_64
[root@oldboy Packages]# mkdir -p /data/{,}/data
[root@oldboy Packages]# tree /data
/data
├──
│   └── data
└──
    └── data

 directories,  files

配置mysql配置文件

[root@oldboy Packages]# mv /etc/my.cnf  /etc/my.cnf.bak
[root@oldboy Packages]# cd /application/mysql/support-files/
[root@oldboy support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

再将事先编辑好的两个my.cnf配置文件分别放置到/data/3306/和/data/3307/下，两个 mysql配置文件分别放置到/data/3306/和/data/3307/下（3306和3307的两对配置文件除了端口3306和3307不同，其他完全相同），修改所属组和权限

[root@oldboy ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
[root@oldboy ~]# chmod +x /data/{,}/mysql

3306的my.cnf内容如下

[client]
port=
socket= /data//mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    =
socket  = /data//mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data//data
open_files_limit=
back_log =
max_connections =
max_connect_errors =
table_cache =
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size =
thread_concurrency =
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time =
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data//error.log
#log-slow-queries =/data//slow.log
pid-file = /data//mysql.pid
log-bin = /data//mysql-bin
relay-log = /data//relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data//relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days =
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads =
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names =
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = ,
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id =
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads =
innodb_thread_concurrency =
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group =
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct =
innodb_lock_wait_timeout =
innodb_file_per_table =
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data//mysql3306.err
pid-file=/data//mysqld.pid

3306的mysql文件内容如下

#!/bin/sh
######################################
######################################
#init
port=
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"

#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
 if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
  printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
  /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf >& > /dev/null &
 else
  printf "MySQL is running...\n"
 exit
 fi
}

#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
      if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
        printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
        exit
      else
        printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
        ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
      fi
}

#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
  printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
  function_stop_mysql
  sleep
  function_start_mysql
}

case $ in
start)
 function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
 function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
 function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
  printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

设置PATH环境变量

[root@oldboy ~]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile
[root@oldboy ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@oldboy ~]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

安装两个mysql实例，出现两个ok表示此步骤没有问题

[root@oldboy ~]# cd /application/mysql/scripts/
[root@oldboy scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data//data --user=mysql
…………………
Installing MySQL system tables...
 :: [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
 :: [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.) starting as process  ...
OK
Filling help tables...
 :: [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
 :: [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.) starting as process  ...
OK
…………………
[root@oldboy scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data//data --user=mysql
…………………
Installing MySQL system tables...
  :: [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
  :: [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.) starting as process  ...
OK
Filling help tables...
  :: [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
  :: [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.) starting as process  ...
OK
…………………

启动mysql实例，先启动3306实例

[root@oldboy scripts]# /data//mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@oldboy scripts]#  :: mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/data/3306/mysql3306.err', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.

上面报log-error '/data/3306/mysql3306.err'不能存在，那么创建

[root@oldboy scripts]#  cd /data
[root@oldboy data]# touch /mysql3306.err
[root@oldboy data]# touch /mysql3307.err
[root@oldboy data]# chown mysql.mysql /mysql3306.err
[root@oldboy data]# chown mysql.mysql /mysql3307.err

再分别启动和登录登录两个实例，启动后通过netstat -lntup查看启动情况，多实例登录时需要通过-S指定sock文件，且初次登录没有密码

[root@oldboy data]# /data//mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@oldboy data]# /data//mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@oldboy ]# netstat -lntup|grep
tcp               0.0.0.0:                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      /mysqld
tcp               0.0.0.0:                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      /mysqld
[root@oldboy data]# mysql -S /data//mysql.sock  （无密码登录）
[root@oldboy data]# mysql -S /data//mysql.sock  （无密码登录）

通过/application/mysql/bin下的mysqladmin命令给两个实例设置root密码，再通过密码登录mysql

[root@oldboy data]# mysqladmin -u root -S /data//mysql.sock password "oldboy"
[root@oldboy data]# mysqladmin -u root -S /data//mysql.sock password "oldboy"
[root@oldboy data]# mysql -uroot -poldboy -S /data//mysql.sock（有密码登录）
mysql> system mysql -uroot -poldboy -S /data//mysql.sock（在3306实例中通过system系统命令切换到3307实例）

设置多实例开机自启动

[root@oldboy data]# echo "#mysql multi instance start when system starting" >>/etc/rc.local
[root@oldboy data]# echo "/data/3306/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local
[root@oldboy data]# echo "/data/3307/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local
[root@oldboy data]# tail - /etc/rc.local
tail: inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling
#mysql multi instance start when system starting
/data//mysql start
/data//mysql start