emplace_back() 和 push_back 的区别（转）

在引入右值引用，转移构造函数，转移复制运算符之前，通常使用push_back()向容器中加入一个右值元素（临时对象）的时候，首先会调用构造函数构造这个临时对象，然后需要调用拷贝构造函数将这个临时对象放入容器中。原来的临时变量释放。这样造成的问题是临时变量申请的资源就浪费。 
引入了右值引用，转移构造函数（请看这里）后，push_back()右值时就会调用构造函数和转移构造函数。 
在这上面有进一步优化的空间就是使用emplace_back

emplace_back

函数原型：

 template <class... Args>
   void emplace_back (Args&&... args);

在容器尾部添加一个元素，这个元素原地构造，不需要触发拷贝构造和转移构造。而且调用形式更加简洁，直接根据参数初始化临时对象的成员。 
给出一个示例，这个示例很有用。

 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
 #include <iostream>  

 struct President
 {
     std::string name;
     std::string country;
     int year;  

     President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year)
         : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year)
     {
         std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n";
     }
     President(const President& other)
         : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
     {
         std::cout << "I am being copy constructed.\n";
     }
     President(President&& other)
         : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
     {
         std::cout << "I am being moved.\n";
     }
     President& operator=(const President& other);
 };  

 int main()
 {
     std::vector<President> elections;
     std::cout << "emplace_back:\n";
     elections.emplace_back("Nelson Mandela", "South Africa", ); //没有类的创建  

     std::vector<President> reElections;
     std::cout << "\npush_back:\n";
     reElections.push_back(President("Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "the USA", ));  

     std::cout << "\nContents:\n";
     for (President const& president: elections) {
        std::cout << president.name << " was elected president of "
             << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";
     }
     for (President const& president: reElections) {
         std::cout << president.name << " was re-elected president of "
             << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";
     }

 }

输出

 emplace_back:
 I am being constructed.

 push_back:
 I am being constructed.
 I am being moved.

 Contents:
 Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in .

转自：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaolewennofollow/article/details/52559364