PAT 1103 Integer Factorization[难]
1103 Integer Factorization(30 分)
The K−P factorization of a positive integer N is to write N as the sum of the P-th power of K positive integers. You are supposed to write a program to find the K−P factorization of N for any positive integers N, K and P.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case which gives in a line the three positive integers N (≤400), K (≤N) and P(1<P≤7). The numbers in a line are separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each case, if the solution exists, output in the format:
N = n[1]^P + ... n[K]^P
where n[i]
(i
= 1, ..., K
) is the i
-th factor. All the factors must be printed in non-increasing order.
Note: the solution may not be unique. For example, the 5-2 factorization of 169 has 9 solutions, such as 122+42+22+22+12, or 112+62+22+22+22, or more. You must output the one with the maximum sum of the factors. If there is a tie, the largest factor sequence must be chosen -- sequence { a1,a2,⋯,aK } is said to be larger than { b1,b2,⋯,bK } if there exists 1≤L≤K such that ai=bi for i<L and aL>bL.
If there is no solution, simple output Impossible
.
Sample Input 1:
169 5 2
Sample Output 1:
169 = 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 5^2
Sample Input 2:
169 167 3
Sample Output 2:
Impossible
题目大意:输入一个数N,以及数量K,指数P,将N用K个数的N次方的和进行表示。如果相同输出因子数最小的,如果还相同,那么输出较大(字典序较大的)的那个。
//感觉好难,是不是dfs什么的?果然大佬觉得有趣的题目都这么难。
考点是DFS+剪枝。
代码来自:https://www.liuchuo.net/archives/2451
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int n, k, p, maxFacSum = -;
vector<int> v, ans, tempAns;
void init() {
int temp = , index = ;
while (temp <= n) {
v.push_back(temp);
temp = pow(index, p);
index++;
}
}
//index表示当前可用的数最大的下标。
//底数和tempSum
//个数要求tempK
//facSum底数积
void dfs(int index, int tempSum, int tempK, int facSum) {
if (tempK == k) {
if (tempSum == n && facSum > maxFacSum) {
ans = tempAns;//新解赋值
maxFacSum = facSum;
}
return;
}
while(index >= ) {//这个index从大到小的过程,就保证了是按字典序从大到小排列的。
if (tempSum + v[index] <= n) {
tempAns[tempK] = index;
dfs(index, tempSum + v[index], tempK + , facSum + index);
}
if (index == ) return;
index--;
}
}
int main() {
scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &k, &p);
init();
tempAns.resize(k);
dfs(v.size() - , , , );
if (maxFacSum == -) {
printf("Impossible");
return ;
}
printf("%d = ", n);
for (int i = ; i < ans.size(); i++) {
if (i != ) printf(" + ");
printf("%d^%d", ans[i], p);
}
return ;
}
//真的是学习了!
1.注意剪纸,dfs里需要有这一句:if (tempSum + v[index] <= n) 这样比进入下一层要开销小很多。
下面这个代码来自:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenxiwenruo/p/6119360.html
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string.h>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
/**
其实可以预先把i^p<n的i都存储起来
**/
const int maxn=;
int res[maxn];
int ans[maxn];
int factor[maxn];
int fidx=;
int maxsum=;
bool flag=false;
int n,k,p;
/**
num为当前的总和
cnt为还剩几个i^p项,即当前的k
sum为各因子的总和,因为要取和最大的
last为上一个因子的索引,因为要保证因子从大到小输出,
所以dfs后一个因子在factor中的索引不能大于上一个
**/
void dfs(int num,int cnt,int sum,int last){
if(num==&&cnt==){
if(sum>maxsum){
flag=true;
for(int i=;i<=k;i++)
ans[i]=res[i];
maxsum=sum;
}
return;
}
else if(cnt==)
return;//计数用完了,但是不符合=n的要求
for(int i=last;i>=;i--){
int left=num-factor[i];
res[cnt]=i+;
dfs(left,cnt-,sum+i,i);
}
} int main()
{
scanf("%d %d %d",&n,&k,&p);
int tmp=;
fidx=;
//预先存储i^p<=n的i
while(tmp<=n){
factor[fidx]=tmp;
fidx++;
tmp=pow(fidx+,p);
}
int cnt=;
int last=fidx-; dfs(n,k,,last);
if(flag){
printf("%d =",n);
for(int i=k;i>=;i--){
printf(" %d^%d +",ans[i],p);
}
printf(" %d^%d",ans[],p);
}
else{
printf("Impossible");
} return ;
}
//但是这个目前有点问题,今晚修改一下,看问题出在哪,顺便也是学习了!
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