学习SQL Server从在Linux上安装开始

微软已经发布了SQL Server on Linux，目前支持Redhat和Ubuntu两种发行版。

下面我们来安装体验一下。

1. 获得YUM源：

YUM的repo文件地址：

https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server.repo

下载到本地：

wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server.repo
---- ::-- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server.repo
Resolving packages.microsoft.com (packages.microsoft.com)... 13.75.127.55
Connecting to packages.microsoft.com (packages.microsoft.com)|13.75.127.55|:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK
Length:  [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'mssql-server.repo'
 %[=================================================================================================================================>]  --.-K/s in 0s
-- :: (47.7 MB/s) - 'mssql-server.repo' saved [/]

把此文件复制到/etc/yum.repos.d目录：

cp mssql-server.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/

更新yum信息：

[root@hwweb0 ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 3.4 kB ::
openlogic | 1.3 kB ::
packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 3.4 kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/prestodelta |  kB ::
(/): openlogic//x86_64/filelists | 6.7 kB ::
(/): openlogic//x86_64/other | 3.7 kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/filelists_db |  kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/other_db |  kB ::
(/): packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server/filelists_db | 1.4 kB ::
(/): packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server/other_db |  B ::
(/): base//x86_64/other_db | 2.3 MB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/prestodelta |  kB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/filelists_db | 5.3 MB ::
(/): base//x86_64/filelists_db | 6.2 MB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/other_db |  MB ::
(/): packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server/primary_db | 2.4 kB ::
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
openlogic /
openlogic /
Metadata Cache Created

2. 通过yum安装sql server：

Yum查找mssql的相关信息：

[root@hwweb0 ~]# yum search mssql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
=========================================================================== N/S matched: mssql ============================================================================
mssql-server.x86_64 : Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Relational Database Engine
mssql-server-ha.x86_64 : Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Relational Database Engine
 
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

可以看到有两个版本，ha版本应该是做高可用性的版本。安装mssql-server：

[root@hwweb0 ~]# yum search mssql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
=========================================================================== N/S matched: mssql ============================================================================
mssql-server.x86_64 : Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Relational Database Engine
mssql-server-ha.x86_64 : Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Relational Database Engine
 
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@hwweb0 ~]# yum install mssql-server -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server is listed more than once in the configuration
packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server | 2.9 kB ::
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 :14.0.1.246- will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mssql-server x86_64 14.0.1.246- packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server  M
 
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Install  Package
 
Total download size:  M
Installed size:  M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64//packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server/packages/mssql-server-14.0.1.246-.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID be1229cf: NOKEY
Public key for mssql-server-14.0.1.246-.x86_64.rpm is not installed
mssql-server-14.0.1.246-.x86_64.rpm |  MB ::
Retrieving key from https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Importing GPG key 0xBE1229CF:
Userid : "Microsoft (Release signing) <gpgsecurity@microsoft.com>"
Fingerprint: bc52  b50d 79e3 39d3 721c eb3e 94ad be12 29cf
From : https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mssql-server-14.0.1.246-.x86_64 /
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Please run /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr-setup to complete the setup of |
| Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R). |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.1.246-.x86_64 /
 
Installed:
mssql-server.x86_64 :14.0.1.246-
 
Complete!

这样就安装好了。

3. 配置sql server

[root@hwweb0 bin]# pwd
/opt/mssql/bin
[root@hwweb0 bin]# ./sqlservr-setup
Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Setup
 
You can abort setup at anytime by pressing Ctrl-C. Start this program
with the --help option for information about running it in unattended
mode.
 
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=746388 and found
in /usr/share/doc/mssql-server/LICENSE.TXT.
 
Do you accept the license terms? If so, please type "YES": YES
 
Please enter a password for the system administrator (SA) account:
Please confirm the password for the system administrator (SA) account:
 
Setting system administrator (SA) account password...
sqlservr: This program requires a machine with at least  megabytes of memory.
Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) setup failed with error code .
Please check the setup log in /var/opt/mssql/log/setup--.log
for more information.

我采用的是A1的机器，配置过程提示，内存需要大于3G。把机器升级到A2：

[root@hwchefserver bin]# ./sqlservr-setup
Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Setup
 
You can abort setup at anytime by pressing Ctrl-C. Start this program
with the --help option for information about running it in unattended
mode.
 
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=746388 and found
in /usr/share/doc/mssql-server/LICENSE.TXT.
 
Do you accept the license terms? If so, please type "YES": YES
 
Please enter a password for the system administrator (SA) account:
Please confirm the password for the system administrator (SA) account:
 
Setting system administrator (SA) account password...
 
Do you wish to start the SQL Server service now? [y/n]: y
Do you wish to enable SQL Server to start on boot? [y/n]: y
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server-telemetry.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server-telemetry.service.
 
Setup completed successfully.

配置成功。检查状态：

[root@hwchefserver bin]# systemctl status mssql
● mssql.service
Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@hwchefserver bin]# systemctl status mssql-server
● mssql-server.service - Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Database Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu -- :: UTC; 37s ago
Main PID:  (sqlservr)
CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─ /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─ /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
 
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::15.06 spid17s SQL Server is now ready for client connections. This is an infor...equired.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::15.13 spid6s Polybase feature disabled.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::15.13 spid6s Clearing tempdb database.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::16.91 spid6s Starting up database 'tempdb'.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::17.58 spid6s The tempdb database has  data file(s).
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::17.58 spid20s The Service Broker endpoint is in disabled or stopped state.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::17.58 spid20s The Database Mirroring endpoint is in disabled or stopped state.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::17.67 spid20s Service Broker manager has started.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::17.71 spid5s Recovery is complete. This is an informational message only. No ...equired.
Nov  :: hwchefserver sqlservr[]: -- ::22.59 spid35s The activated proc '[dbo].[sp_syspolicy_events_reader]' running on queue...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

SQL Server已经在运行。

3. 检查

安装SQL Tools。SQL Tools：sqlcmd是mssql ODBC的一个工具，可以通过yum的repo直接yum安装。

首先下载yum的repo：

[root@hwchefserver ~]# wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo
---- ::-- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo
Resolving packages.microsoft.com (packages.microsoft.com)... 13.75.127.55
Connecting to packages.microsoft.com (packages.microsoft.com)|13.75.127.55|:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK
Length:  [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'prod.repo'
 
%[=================================================================================================================>]  --.-K/s in 0s
 
-- :: (30.2 MB/s) - 'prod.repo' saved [/]
 
[root@hwchefserver ~]# mv prod.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@hwchefserver ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 3.4 kB ::
openlogic | 1.3 kB ::
packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server | 2.9 kB ::
packages-microsoft-com-prod | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 3.4 kB ::
(/): packages-microsoft-com-prod/filelists_db | 2.7 kB ::
(/): packages-microsoft-com-prod/other_db |  kB ::
(/): packages-microsoft-com-prod/primary_db | 4.6 kB ::
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Metadata Cache Created

安装：

[root@hwchefserver ~]# yum install mssql-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mssql-tools.x86_64 :14.0.1.246- will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: msodbcsql for package: mssql-tools-14.0.1.246-.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package msodbcsql.x86_64 :13.0.1.0- will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: unixODBC-utf16 for package: msodbcsql-13.0.1.0-.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libodbcinst.so.()(64bit) for package: msodbcsql-13.0.1.0-.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package unixODBC-utf16.x86_64 :2.3.- will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libltdl.so.()(64bit) for package: unixODBC-utf16-2.3.-.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libtool-ltdl.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7_2 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
===========================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mssql-tools x86_64 14.0.1.246- packages-microsoft-com-prod  k
Installing for dependencies:
libtool-ltdl x86_64 2.4.-.el7_2 updates  k
msodbcsql x86_64 13.0.1.0- packages-microsoft-com-prod 3.8 M
unixODBC-utf16 x86_64 2.3.- packages-microsoft-com-prod  k
 
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================
Install  Package (+ Dependent packages)
 
Total download size: 4.5 M
Installed size: 4.5 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(/): libtool-ltdl-2.4.-.el7_2.x86_64.rpm |  kB ::
(/): msodbcsql-13.0.1.0-.x86_64.rpm | 3.8 MB ::
(/): mssql-tools-14.0.1.246-.x86_64.rpm |  kB ::
(/): unixODBC-utf16-2.3.-.x86_64.rpm |  kB ::
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 8.3 MB/s | 4.5 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : libtool-ltdl-2.4.-.el7_2.x86_64 /
Installing : unixODBC-utf16-2.3.-.x86_64 /
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=746838 and found in
/usr/share/doc/msodbcsql/LICENSE.TXT . By entering 'YES',
you indicate that you accept the license terms.
 
Do you accept the license terms? (Enter YES or NO)
YES
Installing : msodbcsql-13.0.1.0-.x86_64 /
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=746949 and found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-tools/LICENSE.txt . By entering 'YES',
you indicate that you accept the license terms.
 
Do you accept the license terms? (Enter YES or NO)
YES
Installing : mssql-tools-14.0.1.246-.x86_64 /
Verifying : libtool-ltdl-2.4.-.el7_2.x86_64 /
Verifying : msodbcsql-13.0.1.0-.x86_64 /
Verifying : unixODBC-utf16-2.3.-.x86_64 /
Verifying : mssql-tools-14.0.1.246-.x86_64 /
 
Installed:
mssql-tools.x86_64 :14.0.1.246-
 
Dependency Installed:
libtool-ltdl.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7_2 msodbcsql.x86_64 :13.0.1.0- unixODBC-utf16.x86_64 :2.3.-
 
Complete!

安装成功！

测试连接：

[root@hwchefserver ~]# sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA
Password:

登陆成功。

创建数据库test：

> create database test;
> go
> use test;
> go
Changed database context to 'test'.

查看数据库：

> select name from sys.databases;
> go
name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
master
tempdb
model
msdb
test

创建表hwtable：

> create table hwtable ( id int, name varchar(), gender varchar(), age int);
> go

插入数据：

> insert into hwtable values (, 'weiheng','male',);
> go

查询：

> select * from hwtable;
> go
id name gender age
----------- -------------------- -------------------- -----------
 weiheng male
 
( rows affected)

MSSQL Sever On Linux就这样安装完成了！