Cobbler 批量安装操作系统
文章目录
环境准备
[root@cobbler-server ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 2.9G 194M 79M 9.1M 2.7G 2.6G
Swap: 3.0G 0B 3.0G
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 44
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5650 @ 2.67GHz
stepping : 2
microcode : 0x1f
cpu MHz : 2660.000
cache size : 12288 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes hypervisor lahf_lm ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tsc_adjust arat spec_ctrl intel_stibp flush_l1d arch_capabilities
bogomips : 5320.00
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
[root@localhost ~]# sestatus
SELinux status: disabled
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname cobbler-server
部署cobbler
[root@cobbler-server ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd # cobbler需要epel源
# 启动服务
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
cobbler语法检查以及排错
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
问题1
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.11.66.218/' /etc/cobbler/settings
问题2
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.11.66.218/' /etc/cobbler/settings # 如果允许Cobbler接管DHCP服务，这个IP地址将传送给被安装操作系统在PXE启动时使用。如果地址错误，则会导致Tftp时提示timeout错误
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings # 允许被安装操作系统只安装一次操作系统，客户机重装需要 Cobbler system 中使用–netboot-enabled 指定
问题3
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings # 允许Cobbler接管DHCP服务
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable tftp.socket --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
问题4
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 下载包所需的软件包
task started: 2020-07-18_123919_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sat Jul 18 12:39:19 2020)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
问题5
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
问题6
# 和debian系统相关，不需要处理
问题7
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' '123.com'`\"#" /etc/cobbler/settings # 安装好的系统，root密码会被设置为123.com
问题8
[root@cobbler-server ~]# yum -y install fence-agents
修改dhcp模板
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template{,.bak}
[root@cobbler-server ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 10.11.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 10.11.66.1;
option domain-name-servers 210.22.84.3;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.11.66.100 10.11.66.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
重启服务，再次检查
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service # 重启cobbler
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler sync # 同步配置到数据目录，否则修改的不生效
task started: 2020-07-18_131850_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Jul 18 13:18:50 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
# 这个是debian系统相关的，忽略不计
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service # 重启一下相关的服务
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd.service
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd.service
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart tftp.socket
镜像配置
# 先自行下载一个centos7镜像，然后挂载到本地，之后导入到cobbler
[root@cobbler-server ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.iso
[root@cobbler-server ~]# mkdir /mnt/centos7.7 # 创建一个挂载目录
[root@cobbler-server ~]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.iso /mnt/centos7.7/ # 将本地镜像挂载到 /mnt/centos7.7 目录下
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cobbler-server ~]# df -Th # 查看挂载
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.5G 9.0M 1.5G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 26G 6.4G 20G 25% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 136M 879M 14% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 301M 0 301M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/loop0 iso9660 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /mnt/centos7.7
镜像导入
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/centos7.7 --name=CentOS_7.7_1908 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2020-07-18_134526_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Jul 18 13:45:26 2020)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64 for CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler distro list # 查看镜像列表
CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
[root@cobbler-server ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ # 镜像被保存在HTTP的目录中
CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64 config
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler distro report # 下面的一些变量我们在写 kickstarts 配置的时候可能会用到
Name : CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel7
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
kickstarts 文件配置
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# ls # 一般centos系统安装完成后会在/root/anaconda-ks.cfg产生一个ks配置文件，记录安装过程，我们可以根据这个文件修改一下，修改好后放到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts目录
default.ks legacy.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks
esxi4-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed
install_profiles sample_end.ks sample_esxi6.ks sample.seed.28
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# mv sample_end.ks{,.bak} # 将原生成的ks文件备份重命名备份一下，我们使用自定义的ks文件
最小化安装
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# vim centos7u7-x64.ks
#System language
lang en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#Sytem timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use NFS installation Media
url --url=$tree
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
part swap --fstype="swap" --size 2048 --ondisk sda
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
#System authorization infomation
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
#Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
#Do not configure XWindows
skipx
#Package install information
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@ base
@ core
sysstat
iptraf
ntp
lrzsz
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
OpenIPMI-tools
mysql
nmap
screen
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end
图形化安装
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$m1pE0DG6$vALBphGGynqvUzfJaWZ6U1
# Use network installation
url --url="$tree"
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=1024
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048
part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1
%packages
@base
@core
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
@gnome-desktop
@X Window System
%end
查看kickstart的配置
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
Name : CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7u7-x64.ks
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-07-18_141252_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Jul 18 14:12:52 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64 | grep -i kickstart # 查看一下,kickstart是否已经关联到了我们自己的ks文件
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7u7-x64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
# 确保服务和端口都起来了
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# systemctl restart dhcpd xinetd cobblerd tftp
[root@cobbler-server kickstarts]# ss -nltp | egrep "httpd|rsync|xinetd|dhcpd|25151"
修改启动菜单
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler system add --name=default --profile=CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler system list
default
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler sync
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg//default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
LABEL local
MENU LABEL (local)
MENU DEFAULT
LOCALBOOT -1
LABEL CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
kernel /images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/vmlinuz
MENU LABEL CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
append initrd=/images/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=kssendmac text ks=http://10.111.66.218/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS_7.7_1908-x86_64
ipappend 2
MENU end
到此，cobber已经配置完成，只需要将机器启动方式改为网络启动即可
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