10. Regular Expression Matching

  • Total Accepted: 89193
  • Total Submissions: 395441
  • Difficulty: Hard

Implement regular expression matching with support for '.' and '*'.

'.' Matches any single character.
'*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element. The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial). The function prototype should be:
bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p) Some examples:
isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("aa", ".*") → true
isMatch("ab", ".*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → true 思路:
参考自:http://www.tuicool.com/articles/Ebiymu
  • 首先要理解题意:

    • "a"对应"a", 这种匹配不解释了
    • 任意字母对应".", 这也是正则常见
    • 0到多个相同字符x,对应"x*", 比起普通正则,这个地方多出来一个前缀x. x代表的是 相同的字符中取一个,比如"aaaab"对应是"a*b"
    • "*"还有一个易于疏忽的地方就是它的"贪婪性"要有一个限度.比如"aaa"对应"a*a", 代码逻辑不能一路贪婪到底
  • 正则表达式如果期望着一个字符一个字符的匹配,是非常不现实的.而"匹配"这个问题,非 常容易转换成"匹配了一部分",整个匹配不匹配,要看"剩下的匹配"情况.这就很好的把 一个大的问题转换成了规模较小的问题:递归
  • 确定了递归以后,使用java来实现这个问题,会遇到很多和c不一样的地方,因为java对字符 的控制不像c语言指针那么灵活charAt一定要确定某个位置存在才可以使用.
  • 如果pattern是"x*"类型的话,那么pattern每次要两个两个的减少.否则,就是一个一个 的减少. 无论怎样减少,都要保证pattern有那么多个.比如s.substring(n), 其中n 最大也就是s.length()
 public boolean isMatch(String s, String p) {
// base case
if (p.length() == 0) {
return s.length() == 0;
} // special case
if (p.length() == 1) {
// if the length of s is 0, return false
if (s.length() < 1) {
return false;
}
//if the first does not match, return false
else if ((p.charAt(0) != s.charAt(0)) && (p.charAt(0) != '.')) {
return false;
} // otherwise, compare the rest of the string of s and p.
else {
return isMatch(s.substring(1), p.substring(1));
}
} // case 1: when the second char of p is not '*'
if (p.charAt(1) != '*') {
if (s.length() < 1) {
return false;
}
if ((p.charAt(0) != s.charAt(0)) && (p.charAt(0) != '.')) {
return false;
} else {
return isMatch(s.substring(1), p.substring(1));
}
} // case 2: when the second char of p is '*', complex case.
else {
//case 2.1: a char & '*' can stand for 0 element
if (isMatch(s, p.substring(2))) {
return true;
} //case 2.2: a char & '*' can stand for 1 or more preceding element,
//so try every sub string
int i = 0;
while (i<s.length() && (s.charAt(i)==p.charAt(0) || p.charAt(0)=='.')){
if (isMatch(s.substring(i + 1), p.substring(2))) {
return true;
}
i++;
}
return false;
}
}
  

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