linux(centos8):使用zip/unzip压缩和解压缩文件

一，查看zip命令所属的rpm包

1，zip

[root@kubemaster ~]# whereis zip
zip: /usr/bin/zip /usr/share/man/man1/zip.1.gz

[root@kubemaster ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/zip
zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64

如果找不到zip命令，

可以用dnf进行安装

[root@kubemaster ~]# dnf install zip 

2,unzip

[root@kubemaster ~]# whereis unzip
unzip: /usr/bin/unzip /usr/share/man/man1/unzip.1.gz

[root@kubemaster ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/unzip
unzip-6.0-43.el8.x86_64

如果找不到unzip命令，

可以用dnf进行安装

[root@kubemaster ~]# dnf install unzip

说明：刘宏缔的架构森林是一个专注架构的博客，地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/architectforest

对应的源码可以访问这里获取： https://github.com/liuhongdi/

说明：作者:刘宏缔 邮箱: 371125307@qq.com

二，查看zip命令的版本和帮助:

1,zip

直接输入命令后会打印版本和帮助信息

[root@kubemaster ~]# zip
Copyright (c) 1990-2008 Info-ZIP - Type 'zip "-L"' for software license.
Zip 3.0 (July 5th 2008). Usage:
zip [-options] [-b path] [-t mmddyyyy] [-n suffixes] [zipfile list] [-xi list]
  The default action is to add or replace zipfile entries from list, which
  can include the special name - to compress standard input.
...

2,unzip:

直接输入命令后会打印版本和帮助信息

[root@kubemaster ~]# unzip
UnZip 6.00 of 20 April 2009, by Info-ZIP.  Maintained by C. Spieler.  Send
bug reports using http://www.info-zip.org/zip-bug.html; see README for details.

Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
  Default action is to extract files in list, except those in xlist, to exdir;
...

三，zip的常用例子

1,把文件打包压缩进zip文件

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip t1.zip a.txt b.txt
  adding: a.txt (deflated 82%)
  adding: b.txt (deflated 82%)

2,查看zip包中包含的文件:

用zip查看

#-sf:--show-files:显示文件列表

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -sf t1.zip
Archive contains:
  a.txt
  b.txt
Total 2 entries (112 bytes)

用unzip查看

#-l:列出文件

[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip -l t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
       56  07-28-2020 18:38   a.txt
       56  07-28-2020 18:38   b.txt
---------                     -------
      112                     2 files

用zipinfo查看:

[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 318 bytes, number of entries: 2
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
2 files, 112 bytes uncompressed, 20 bytes compressed:  82.1%

说明:zipinfo是unzip包中自带的命令

3,添加一个文件到现有的zip包

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip t1.zip c.txt
  adding: c.txt (deflated 82%)
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 466 bytes, number of entries: 3
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt
3 files, 168 bytes uncompressed, 30 bytes compressed:  82.1%

可以看到已添加成功

4,从现有的zip压缩包中删除一个文件

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -d t1.zip c.txt
deleting: c.txt
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 318 bytes, number of entries: 2
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
2 files, 112 bytes uncompressed, 20 bytes compressed:  82.1%

可以看到已删除成功

5,添加到zip时去掉原目录，只保留文件名:

#-j:不处理压缩文件中原有的目录路径

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -j t1.zip /var/log/cron
  adding: cron (deflated 86%)
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 1559 bytes, number of entries: 4
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt
-rw-------  3.0 unx     6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron
4 files, 7141 bytes uncompressed, 987 bytes compressed:  86.2%

可以看到cron已经被去掉了目录信息

6,替换zip包中的文件：

[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 1559 bytes, number of entries: 4
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt
-rw-------  3.0 unx     6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron
4 files, 7141 bytes uncompressed, 987 bytes compressed:  86.2%

可以看到a.txt的文件大小是56

我们修改a.txt文件后，替换压缩包中的此文件

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -u t1.zip a.txt
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 1564 bytes, number of entries: 4
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      252 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:25 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt
-rw-------  3.0 unx     6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron
4 files, 7337 bytes uncompressed, 992 bytes compressed:  86.5%

已替换成功

7,指定压缩比时，默认的压缩比是多少？

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -h2
...
  -0        store files (no compression)
  -1 to -9  compress fastest to compress best (default is 6)
...

这个值一般不需要改动

 

8，压缩一个目录:

# -r :recurse into directories递归压缩目录

[root@kubemaster goods]# ls
ga.txt  gb.txt
[root@kubemaster goods]# cd ..
[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -r t1.zip ./goods/
  adding: goods/ (stored 0%)
  adding: goods/ga.txt (deflated 71%)
  adding: goods/gb.txt (deflated 74%)
[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
Zip file size: 2020 bytes, number of entries: 7
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      252 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:25 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt
-rw-------  3.0 unx     6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron
drwxr-xr-x  3.0 unx        0 bx stor 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       21 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/ga.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       23 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/gb.txt
7 files, 7381 bytes uncompressed, 1004 bytes compressed:  86.4%

四，例子：zip包加密码

1,加密码:

#-P:指定添加文件的密码,解压此文件时会要求输入

注意：是此命令行中所添加的文件有密码，不是给整个zip包加的密码

多个文件可以分别对应多个不同的密码

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -P pass -r t2.zip goods
  adding: goods/ (stored 0%)
  adding: goods/ga.txt (deflated 71%)
  adding: goods/gb.txt (deflated 74%)

2,解压时会要求输入密码:

[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip t2.zip
Archive:  t2.zip
[t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password:

五，例子：zip包加备注 :

1，添加备注:

[root@kubemaster zip]# zip -z t1.zip
enter new zip file comment (end with .):
goods list zip
important files.
.

2,查看zip文件中已添加的注释

[root@kubemaster zip]# zipnote t1.zip
...
goods list zip
important files.

3,用zipinfo也可以查看注释

# -z: 打印注释

[root@kubemaster zip]# zipinfo -z t1.zip
Archive:  t1.zip
goods list zip
important files.
Zip file size: 2052 bytes, number of entries: 7
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx      252 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:25 a.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 18:38 b.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       56 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:02 c.txt
-rw-------  3.0 unx     6973 tx defN 20-Jul-28 19:01 cron
drwxr-xr-x  3.0 unx        0 bx stor 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       21 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/ga.txt
-rw-r--r--  3.0 unx       23 tx defN 20-Jul-31 11:22 goods/gb.txt
7 files, 7381 bytes uncompressed, 1004 bytes compressed:  86.4%

六，unzip的常用例子

1,验证压缩包是否完整 

#-t:test compressed archive data

[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip -t t2.zip
Archive:  t2.zip
    testing: goods/                   OK
[t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password:
    testing: goods/ga.txt             OK
    testing: goods/gb.txt             OK
No errors detected in compressed data of t2.zip.

2,解压缩到指定目录:

#-d:指定要解压到的目录

[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip t2.zip -d /root/unzip
Archive:  t2.zip
   creating: /root/unzip/goods/
[t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password:
  inflating: /root/unzip/goods/ga.txt
  inflating: /root/unzip/goods/gb.txt
[root@kubemaster zip]# ls /root/unzip/
goods

3,解压缩时取消目录:

#-j:忽略文件原有目录，把文件统一解压到第一级目录

[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip -j t2.zip -d /root/undir
Archive:  t2.zip
[t2.zip] goods/ga.txt password:
  inflating: /root/undir/ga.txt
  inflating: /root/undir/gb.txt
[root@kubemaster zip]# ls /root/undir
ga.txt  gb.txt

4,解压缩指定的文件

说明：把要解压的文件名写到命令行中zip包后面即可

[root@kubemaster zip]# unzip t2.zip goods/gb.txt -d /root/undir2
Archive:  t2.zip
[t2.zip] goods/gb.txt password:
  inflating: /root/undir2/goods/gb.txt
[root@kubemaster zip]# ls -R /root/undir2
/root/undir2:
goods

/root/undir2/goods:
gb.txt

七，查看linux的版本:

[root@kubemaster ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)