Kubernetes之dashboard

部署dashboard

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
#修改文件内容
默认kubernetes-dashboard是官网默认镜像地址，需要翻墙，咱们这里用阿里云的镜像就可以。
.....
spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
....
修改svc的类型
.....
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
.....
启动dashboard
$  kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
查看是否启动成功
$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system
....
NAME                                    READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-dashboard-64767d465c-xgxhr   /       Running             17h
查看访问地址
$ kubectl get svc  -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.103.15.27   <none>        :/TCP   17h
随意一个node节点加暴露端口通过https访问访问。

如何生成一个dashboard专用证书

创建一个dashboard的私钥

(umask ; openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key )

生成一个证书签署请求

openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.crs -subj "/O=jaxzhai/CN=dashboard" 

通过ca.key和ca.crt签署证书

openssl x509  -req -in dashboard.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out dashboard.crt -days 

通过签署证书创建一个sercert

kubectl create secret generic dashboard-cert -n kube-system --from-file=dashboard.crt=./dashboard.crt --from-file=dashboard.key=./dashboard.key

kubernetes-dashboard有两种认证方式，一个token认证,另一个是Kubeconfig文件的认证。这个时候的认证不是UserAccount而是获取kubernetes集群资源信息的serviceAccount，下面演示两种认证

token认证

创建一个serviceaccount并绑定集群管理员角色

$ vim serviceaccount-rbac.yaml 
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
# -------------------Dashboard Service Account rbac ------------------- #
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dashboard-cluster-admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system

$  kubectl apply -f serviceaccount-rbac.yaml
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-cluster-admin created

查看serviceaccount 的token

$ kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-n7z7p -n kube-system
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-n7z7p
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name=dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=3b1aa9ff-e25c-11e8-b8c9-

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.V3hE7CTjopp8QpoPsArLH5jhLiiQChbrDT88ksb8lpAKfQMKeTjqmsVKYo6Li1HxOYH85m6n6E2f6q25PDsU0hfWEWSXvVYB5vRF-wC1ty5VqcpVIBqbEZAa9kbwaEyI8PeFgDiP1v_eHXgbBRvXoEWCl1Rg5x5Tqy0ov5ezFov-ohMAiibl0q_97eKXHQKTptdzqrSak_TeB2IDywpeKJOi4jaadVA8SZDRMf7wy7NPF5gNUK39M9XmFyNk6V07sDWY8t3wRTrxZFSAY7xTJTZFy3-D49WJ9QKYRSZlAHn7UD7TJ35HnH1XbApAiR4j0yZo9mTH2aSWIkABZ3N86w
ca.crt:      bytes
namespace:   bytes

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Kubeconfig文件认证

创建一个只对default命令空间有权限的账号

创建一个serviceaccount授权给admin
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: def-ns-admin
  namespace: default
---
# -------------------Dashboard Service Account rbac ------------------- #
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: def-ns-admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: def-ns-admin
  namespace: default

创建一个kubeconfig配置文件(基于token配置)

$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --server=https://172.16.138.44:8443 --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard/def-ns-admin.conf
查看一下证书主体
$ kubectl config view --kubeconfig=./def-ns-admin.conf
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.138.44:8443
  name: kubernetes
contexts: []
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: []
通过user的token认证
对token进行转码
 $ DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl get  secret def-ns-admin-token-4txrk -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d)
$ kubectl config set-credentials def-ns-admin --token=$DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard/def-ns-admin.conf
配置上下文
$ kubectl config set-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=def-ns-admin --kubeconfig=./def-ns-admin.conf
查看配置文件
$ kubectl config view --kubeconfig=./def-ns-admin.conf
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.138.44:8443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: def-ns-admin
  name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: def-ns-admin
  user:
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi00dHhyayIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiJhMzA5M2ZhOC1lMjVlLTExZTgtODI1Ni0wMDUwNTY5MzRiZTciLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.TsUqPXzgqzZE2QggL_N4-LDMxw0zxeCIHuhT0_Tua8K76BXlzl1XLk0Dwvqh_MjwkJVdXRKARWjm0mA2SWIp-3vRs6TaaeKK94uMd9BtnWe-j9LPMpbll5h-DJIP1DWm0MraXAO65x-QpjlzsjUSr555rpMLSZfioWSaG4w7eHLT4XR2EoLJqtwkAKTk_zFfv3h_26eSXgul204hxO9Nde6474QUKeugdFHAFrRgmyLM4HTSKoRvo12BvD5npIIzFCN76PYXaJxEwSgKtIffuj0XyvfdvAkRmcxoGaFfbeIGYdi0nZ06u1Q0ydfkZzK1s8aE7CaxU7OV3Hp8O0MqfA
#配置当前上下文
$ kubectl config use-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard/def-ns-admin.conf
#查看配置文件
$ kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard/def-ns-admin.conf
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.138.44:8443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: def-ns-admin
  name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
current-context: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: def-ns-admin
  user:
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi00dHhyayIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiJhMzA5M2ZhOC1lMjVlLTExZTgtODI1Ni0wMDUwNTY5MzRiZTciLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.TsUqPXzgqzZE2QggL_N4-LDMxw0zxeCIHuhT0_Tua8K76BXlzl1XLk0Dwvqh_MjwkJVdXRKARWjm0mA2SWIp-3vRs6TaaeKK94uMd9BtnWe-j9LPMpbll5h-DJIP1DWm0MraXAO65x-QpjlzsjUSr555rpMLSZfioWSaG4w7eHLT4XR2EoLJqtwkAKTk_zFfv3h_26eSXgul204hxO9Nde6474QUKeugdFHAFrRgmyLM4HTSKoRvo12BvD5npIIzFCN76PYXaJxEwSgKtIffuj0XyvfdvAkRmcxoGaFfbeIGYdi0nZ06u1Q0ydfkZzK1s8aE7CaxU7OV3Hp8O0MqfA

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而且这里只能操作default命令空间