部署mariadb高可用

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Galera能够实现MySQL/MariaDB数据库的主主复制和多主复制等模式，这些复制模式都是同步进行的，同步时间非常短。

每一个节点都可以同时写入和读取，当某一节点发生故障时，可自动从集群中自动剔除。

HAProxy能提供负载均衡和故障判断等功能解决服务器系统存在的单点故障。

Keepalived能提供客户端连接数据库时使用的虚拟IP地址（VIP）。

（1）主节点

IP地址：node-1 192.168.1.74

（2）备份节点

IP地址：node-2 192.168.1.75

编辑每个节点/etc/hosts文件，添加所有节点IP地址和主机名

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.1.74 node-1

192.168.1.75 node-2

关闭selinux

# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=permissive

关闭防火墙并设置开机不自启

# systemctl stop firewalld

配置yum源文件

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo

#yum clean all

#yum list

安装服务（node-1节点和node-2节点）

#yum install MariaDB-server galera

修改配置文件

（1）修改/etc/my.cnf,添加以下内容（node-1节点和node-2节点）

#vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

max_connect_errors=1000

（2）配置主节点node-1

#vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

[galera]
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=
bind-address=0.0.0.0

wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="192.168.1.74"
wsrep_sst_method=rsyn

（3）配置备份节点node-2

#vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

[galera]
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so 

wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.74,192.168.1.75" 

binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
bind-address=0.0.0.0

wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="192.168.1.75"
wsrep_sst_method=rsync

　启动服务

node-1节点：

#/bin/galera_new_cluster

node-2节点：

#systemctl start mariadb

测试集群状态

（1）查询集群状态

#mysql -u root -p

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep_%';

+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                | Value                                 |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe             | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_apply_oool             | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_apply_window           | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_causal_reads           |                                      |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance     | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_cert_index_size        |                                      |
| wsrep_cert_interval          | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id        |                                      |
| wsrep_cluster_size           |                                      |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid     | 841486a3-b56a-11e8-a451-d7d8f2309253  |
| wsrep_cluster_status         | Primary                               |
| wsrep_commit_oooe            | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_commit_oool            | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_commit_window          | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_connected              | ON                                    |
| wsrep_desync_count           |                                      |
| wsrep_evs_delayed            |                                       |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list         |                                       |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency       | ////                             |
| wsrep_evs_state              | OPERATIONAL                           |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused    | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns |                                      |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv      |                                      |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent      |                                      |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid             | 8412f980-b56a-11e8-bb08-4fd6339a7674  |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses     | 192.168.100.11:,192.168.1.74: |
| wsrep_last_committed         |                                      |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts        |                                      |
| wsrep_local_cached_downto    |                   |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures    |                                      |
| wsrep_local_commits          |                                      |
| wsrep_local_index            |                                      |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue       |                                      |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg   | 0.166667                              |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max   |                                      |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min   |                                      |
| wsrep_local_replays          |                                      |
| wsrep_local_send_queue       |                                      |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg   | 0.000000                              |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max   |                                      |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min   |                                      |
| wsrep_local_state            |                                      |
| wsrep_local_state_comment    | Synced                                |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid       | 841486a3-b56a-11e8-a451-d7d8f2309253  |
| wsrep_protocol_version       |                                      |
| wsrep_provider_name          | Galera                                |
| wsrep_provider_vendor        | Codership Oy <info@codership.com>     |
| wsrep_provider_version       | 25.3.(r3764)                        |
| wsrep_ready                  | ON                                    |
| wsrep_received               |                                      |
| wsrep_received_bytes         |                                    |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes        |                                      |
| wsrep_repl_keys              |                                      |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes        |                                      |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes       |                                      |
| wsrep_replicated             |                                      |
| wsrep_replicated_bytes       |                                      |
| wsrep_thread_count           |                                      |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果 "wsrep_local_state_comment" is "Synced" 则表明集群创建成功

（3）数据同步

在node-1上新建数据库galera_test

MariaDB [(none)]> create database galera_test;

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;

在node-2上查询

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;