Ubuntu18.04下安装openCV4.1.2

注意:

  在整个安装过程中,包括后期QT的使用中不要出现中文路径。会很坑的。

一、下载openCV4.1.2

  可以再官网进行下载https://opencv.org/releases/->选择Sources下载源码然后进行编译安装

  也可以在https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/4.1.2下载源码进行编译安装

也可以在百度云盘下载安装https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LIqIvyA6BjjAy1pkC-Mg0w。

二、更新Ubuntu18.04apt源为阿里源(如果已更新或者其他源可以自己尝试)。

  // 1.备份/etc/apt/sources.list

 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

  // 2.打开/etc/apt/sources.list

 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

  // 3.删除文件内所有内容

  // 4.将一下内容复制进/etc/apt/sources.list文件中

 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

// 5.更新源

 sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

三、解决ubuntu1804无法安装libjasper-dev问题(速度会非常的慢,一定要耐心等待)

// 1.检测是否有问题

 apt-get install libjasper-dev

如果有报错信息:errorE: unable to locate libjasper-dev则继续解决一下问题,没有则可跳过第三步。

  // 2.解决方案

 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

  添加一个源来重新安装,其中,libjasper1是新的依赖项。
  但是上述命令会可能产生新的问题。无法找到add-apt-repository问题

// 3.解决add-apt-repository问题

 apt-get -y install software-properties-common
apt-get -y install apt-file
apt-get update

四、添加openCV安装的相关准备

//1.安装cmake(如果已经安装过可以忽略)

 sudo apt-get install cmake

  // 2.安装openCV相关依赖(如果刚才第三步失败或者跳过的话可能 libjasper-dev 会报错)

 sudo apt-get install build-essential libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394--dev

  事实上,OpenCV的依赖项众多,在cmake阶段检查依赖项是否安装,调整自己的功能。因此,可根据项目需要调整安装依赖项。

五、安装openCV

  //1.将下载的opencv-4.1.2.zip拷贝到主目录下,并解压缩

  // 2.打开终端并切换至主目录下的openCV-4.1.2

 cd /home/DepZcb/openCV-4.1.

  // 3.在openCV-4.1.2下创建一个名为build目录,并切换到这个目录下

 mkdir build
cd ./build

  // 4.执行cmake,生成makefile文件

 cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

  命令说明:

    OpenCV4默认不生成.pc文件,OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON才会生成。该编译选项开启生成opencv4.pc文件,支持pkg-config功能。

    可用-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定安装目录。如果指定安装目录则默认各部分分别安装在/usr/local/目录的include/ bin/ lib/3个文件夹下.

.. 为上一级目录。

  // 5.执行makefile文件(有些人说上一步不会生成makefile,我在虚拟机和纯系统中都试过,在deepin下安装也试过没有出现类似问题。但出现了一堆其他问题,感觉还是源没有配置好)

 sudo make -j[N]

  说明:-j[n]我的电脑是四核四线程,可以运行make -j4,如果是八核可用make -j8。如果不想编译时影响工作,可以用-j3。建议虚拟机的同学就直接运行sudo make就行.

    这一步事件很长的,大概需要半个小时往上。请耐心等待。

  // 6.进行make install安装

 sudo make install

六、C++环境配置

  // 1.先在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/文件夹下新建一个opencv4.conf,然后再文件中写入/usr/local/lib。

 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
sudo touch opencv4.conf
sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > opencv4.conf'入代码片

   // 2.更新pkg-config

 sudo ldconfig

   // 3.查看安装

 pkg-config --libs opencv4
pkg-config --cflags opencv4

  // 4.配置bash

 sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc
//在末尾添加
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

  //5.更新bash

 sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc
//激活配置然后更新database
sudo updatedb

  可能会遇到问题sudo: source: command not found,这时可如下2步处理(如图):
  1> sudo -s
  2> source /etc/profile  

  安装完成

七、可能出现的问题

  // 1.QT5 Core编译错误 

 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
By not providing "FindQt5Core.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core", but
CMake did not find one. Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core" with any
of the following names: Qt5CoreConfig.cmake
qt5core-config.cmake Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Core" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"Qt5Core_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If
"Qt5Core" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
been installed.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt: (include) CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
By not providing "FindQt5Gui.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui", but
CMake did not find one. Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui" with any
of the following names: Qt5GuiConfig.cmake
qt5gui-config.cmake Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Gui" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"Qt5Gui_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If "Qt5Gui"
provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
installed.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt: (include) CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
By not providing "FindQt5Widgets.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project
has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
"Qt5Widgets", but CMake did not find one. Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Widgets" with
any of the following names: Qt5WidgetsConfig.cmake
qt5widgets-config.cmake Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Widgets" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"Qt5Widgets_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If
"Qt5Widgets" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
been installed. Call Stack (most recent call first): CMakeLists.txt: (include) CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package): By not providing "FindQt5Test.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test", but CMake did not find one. Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test" with any of the following names: Qt5TestConfig.cmake
qt5test-config.cmake Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Test" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"Qt5Test_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If
"Qt5Test" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
been installed.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt: (include) CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package):
By not providing "FindQt5Concurrent.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this
project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
"Qt5Concurrent", but CMake did not find one. Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Concurrent"
with any of the following names: Qt5ConcurrentConfig.cmake
qt5concurrent-config.cmake Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Concurrent" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"Qt5Concurrent_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If
"Qt5Concurrent" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it
has been installed.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt: (include) qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file or directory
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindQt4.cmake: (message):
Found unsuitable Qt version "" from NOTFOUND, this code requires Qt .x
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake: (find_package)
CMakeLists.txt: (include) -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log". Qt5Core-CMake did not find one

  解决办法:安装qt5-default

 sudo apt-get install qt5-default

八、python环境的配置

  // 1.安装python和numpy 

 sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy python3-dev python3-numpy #如果已经安装过,则该步骤省略

  // 2.验证

$ python3
>>> import cv2
>>> print(cv2.__version__)
'4.1.1'
>>>

九、卸载openCV

  如果安装出现了百度不能解决的问题。最好的办法就是卸载重新装一次(第一次安装时前前后后卸载了四五次)。

  // 1. 删除openCV4.conf

 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
sudo rm opencv4.conf

  // 2.卸载

 cd
cd ./OpenCV-4.1./build
sudo make uinstall

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