Centos史上新版最详细步骤-Linux无脑命令式oracle11g静默安装

1、 关闭selinux

1.1 sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config

1.2 或者手动编辑 vi /etc/selinux/config将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled

1.3 执行setenforce 0

2、 关闭防火墙firewall

2.1关闭防火墙

systemctl status firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

3、安装依赖包

3.1 检查依赖包安装情况

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 vsftpd gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc elfutils-libelf-devel compat-libcap1 libaio-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

3.2 使用yum源安装所需依赖包

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 vsftpd gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc elfutils-libelf-devel compat-libcap1 libaio-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

4、修改主机名（可选）

设置主机名hostnamectl set-hostname xxxxx

xxxxx为主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname hairundb

5、修改内核参数

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在最后添加(注意重复参数，不能小于以下数值)

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 1073741824

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

保存退出

启用配置

# /sbin/sysctl -p

6、修改用户限制文件

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

在最后添加

oracle  soft    nproc   2047

oracle  hard    nproc   16384

oracle  soft    nofile  1024

oracle  hard    nofile  65536

oracle  soft    stack   10240

保存退出

7、关联设置

# vi /etc/pam.d/login

在最后添加

session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session required   pam_limits.so

保存退出

8、设置系统环境变量

# vi /etc/profile

在最后添加

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

保存退出

使环境变量生效

# source /etc/profile

9、创建oracle系统用户

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

检查oracle用户权限

id oracle

10、创建oracle安装目录

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11r2

mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata

mkdir /opt/oracle/inventory

mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area

11、将oracle用户加入到sudo组

# vi /etc/sudoers

在root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL这一行下加入

oracle  ALL=(ALL)       ALL

强制保存退出(:wq!)

12、修改oracle用户环境变量

# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

在最后添加(ORACLE_SID=XXX按实际情况修改)

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle;

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11r2;

export ORACLE_SID=ora11;

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

保存退出

使环境变量生效

# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

查看环境变量

# env

13、修改hosts文件

# vi /etc/hosts

在最后添加

主机ip 主机名hairundb

14、root用户登录，把数据库安装包上传至/opt/oracle目录下

chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle

chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

15、安装oracle数据库

切换至oracle用户

su - oracle

解压安装包文件（如果没有unzip命令，可以先登录root用户，使用yum源安装：yum -y install unzip）

cd /opt/oracle

unzip oracle.zip

编辑oracle数据库基准配置文件

vi /opt/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

输入(:set number)显示行号

修改

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY   //29行 安装类型，只安装数据库软件

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=hairundb //37行 主机名称通过hostname查看

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall //42 行 安装组

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory //49 行INVENTORY目录

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN //86 行 选择语言

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11r2 //91 行oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle //96 行oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE //107 行oracle版本

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba //154行dba用户组

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall //160行oper用户组

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //189行数据库类型，一般用途

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11 //194行globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11 //199行SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=800  //229行自动管理内存的最小内存(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //262行所有数据库用户使用同一个密码

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //400行设置安全更新

编译安装oracle

cd /opt/oracle/database/

chmod -R 750 /opt/oracle/database/

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

安装过程中新开一个root窗口，执行

/opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

/opt/oracle/product/11r2/root.sh

执行完成后返回oracle界面按下回车键完成安装

vi /opt/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

修改

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""

netca /silent /responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

检查监听文件

ll /opt/oracle/product/11r2/network/admin/

查看监听端口(root用户执行)

netstat -tnulp | grep 1521

vi /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

修改

SID = "ora11"  、、170行  SID

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"  //212行

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //221行

SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"  //252行

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"  、、262行

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/opt/oracle/oradata  //360行

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area  //370行

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"  //418行 字符集

GDBNAME = "ora11"  //713行 全局名

cd /opt/oracle/product/11r2/bin/

dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

等待建库完成

检查实例进程

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

数据库实例连接测试

查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

使用sqlplus命令测试连接oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> conn /as sysdba

登录数据库

sqlplus /nolog

SQL> conn /as sysdba

SQL> startup

16、修改Oracle数据库密码180天限制

SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;

SQL> select * from dba_profiles s WHERE s.profile='DEFAULT' AND resource_name='PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME';

17、修改Oracle数据库尝试登录失败次数限制(默认10次,更改为无限制)

SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS UNLIMITED;

18、修改Oracle数据库无法导出空表的问题

SQL> alter system set deferred_segment_creation=false;

以root用户登录：命令：exit

vi /etc/oratab

ora11:/data/oracle/product/11r2:N中的 N 改成 Y

vi /opt/oracle/product/11r2/bin/dbstart

注释原有的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER行,新增一行 export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

vi /opt/oracle/product/11r2/bin/dbshut

注释原有的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER行,新增一行 export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

编写自启动脚本

vi /etc/init.d/oracle

添加

#!/bin/sh

# chkconfig: 345 99 10

##其中chkconfig：345 99 10 是指脚本将为运行级3、4、5启动Oracle 10g服务，启动优先级为99，关闭优先级为10

# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

# description: starts the oracle database

ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11r2

ORA_OWNER=oracle

case "$1" in

start)

echo -n "Starting Oracle Databases: "

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

date +"! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

echo -n "Starting Oracle Listeners: "

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

echo ""

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle

;;

stop)

echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: "

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

date +"! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle

echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Databases: "

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

echo ""

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

;;

restart)

echo -n "Restarting Oracle Databases: "

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

date +"! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >> /var/log/oracle

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

echo -n "Restarting Oracle Listeners: "

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" >> /var/log/oracle

su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" >> /var/log/oracle

echo "Done."

echo ""

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle

echo "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle

touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle

;;

*)

echo "Usage: oracle { start | stop | restart }"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

赋予执行权限

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

创建软链接

ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S10oracle

ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S10oracle

ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S10oracle

添加自启动服务

chkconfig --add oracle

chkconfig --level 345 oracle on

chkconfig --list|grep oracle

重启数据库

service oracle restart

重启服务器，测试数据库是否启动

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> conn /as sysdba

SQL> startup