spring注解事务使用总结

在使用spring的注解事务的时候，需要考虑到事务的传播行为、遇到什么类型的异常时，事务才起作用、事务方法之间的嵌套调用时，怎么样才生效等等诸多问题。网上搜到很多的主要还是一堆理论文字描述，我这里给出亲测的代码，是借助公司真实的系统来做测试。

系统之间调用图如下：

事务和异步处理都在server模块里面。

接口如下：

1. /**
2. * 测试事务行为接口
3. *
4. * @author plg
5. *
6. */
7. public interface TestService {
8. public void methodA();
9. public void methodB();
10. public void methodC();
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. }

/**
 * 测试事务行为接口
 *
 * @author plg
 *
 */
public interface TestService {

    public void methodA();

    public void methodB();

    public void methodC();

    .
    .
    .
}

使用两个表：

1. CREATE TABLE `mall_order_statistics` (
2. `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
3. `shop_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
4. `order_num` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
5. `order_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
6. `avg_order_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
7. `pay_type` int(11) NOT NULL,
8. `order_type` int(11) NOT NULL',
9. `order_date` date NOT NULL,
10. `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
11. PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
12. KEY `idx_shop_id` (`shop_id`)
13. ) ENGINE=InnoDB
14. CREATE TABLE `mall_goods_ranking` (
15. `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
16. `shop_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
17. `order_date` date NOT NULL,
18. `mall_goods_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
19. `goods_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
20. `sales_volume` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
21. `sales_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
22. `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
23. PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
24. KEY `idx_shop_id` (`shop_id`)
25. ) ENGINE=InnoDB

CREATE TABLE `mall_order_statistics` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `shop_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `order_num` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `order_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `avg_order_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `pay_type` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `order_type` int(11) NOT NULL',
  `order_date` date NOT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_shop_id` (`shop_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB

CREATE TABLE `mall_goods_ranking` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `shop_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `order_date` date NOT NULL,
  `mall_goods_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `goods_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `sales_volume` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `sales_amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_shop_id` (`shop_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB

1.事务与异常类型

这里用的是注解式事务@Transactional。

1.1 正常的处理

先来一个正常的处理，事先已把数据库表清空，代码调用如下：

1. web端代码如下：
2. try {
3. testService.methodA();
4. } catch (Exception e) {
5. logger.error("========================= " + e);
6. }
7. server端代码如下：
8. @Transactional
9. @Override
10. public void methodA() {
11. MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
12. mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
13. mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
14. mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
15. mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
16. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
17. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
18. mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
19. mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
20. MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
21. mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);
22. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
23. mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
24. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
25. mallOrderStatistics.setPayType();
26. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType();
27. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
28. mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
29. mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
30. }

web端代码如下：
try {
    testService.methodA();
} catch (Exception e) {
	logger.error("========================= " + e);
}

server端代码如下：
@Transactional
@Override
public void methodA() {
	MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
	mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);

	MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
	mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
}

执行结果：

 

 

1.2异常处理-不插入必填字段，抛出RuntimeException

1. @Transactional
2. @Override
3. public void methodA() {
4. MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
5. mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
6. mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
7. mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
8. mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
9. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
10. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
11. mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
12. mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
13. MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
14. // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
15. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
16. mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
17. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
18. mallOrderStatistics.setPayType();
19. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType();
20. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
21. mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
22. mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
23. }

@Transactional
@Override
public void methodA() {
	MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
	mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);

	MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
	// mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
}

如上面的代码，把第二条插入语句的一个必填字段注释掉，这样执行之后，抛出了异常：

1. ; SQL []; Column 'shop_id' cannot be null; nested exception is com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Column 'shop_id' cannot be null, dubbo version: 2.8., current host: 192.168.9.141
2. org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException:

; SQL []; Column 'shop_id' cannot be null; nested exception is com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Column 'shop_id' cannot be null, dubbo version: 2.8.4, current host: 192.168.9.141
org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: 

抛出了DataIntegrityViolationException类型的异常，这个异常是RuntimeException类型的异常，spring的@Transactional默认就是捕捉RuntimeException异常，遇到RuntimeException异常才会处理事务回滚。

既然抛出了RuntimeException异常，那数据库自然没有插入成功了。接下来演示抛出Exception异常，看事务能否生效。

 

1.3异常处理-不插入必填字段，抛出Exception

1. @Transactional
2. @Override
3. public void methodA() throws Exception {
4. try {
5. MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
6. mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
7. mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
8. mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
9. mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
10. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
11. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
12. mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
13. mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
14. MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
15. // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
16. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
17. mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
18. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
19. mallOrderStatistics.setPayType();
20. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType();
21. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
22. mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
23. mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
24. } catch (Exception e) {
25. logger.error(" ================== " + e);
26. throw new Exception("异常");
27. }
28. }

@Transactional
@Override
public void methodA() throws Exception {
	try {
		MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
		mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
		mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
		mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
		mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
		mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
		mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
		mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
		mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);

		MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
		// mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
		mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
		mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
		mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
		mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
		mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
		mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
		mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
		mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
	} catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(" ================== " + e);
                throw new Exception("异常");
	}
}

捕捉异常后，然后 throw new Exception。执行后，抛出异常：

1. java.lang.Exception: 异常
2. at yunnex.saofu.mall.service.impl.TestServiceImpl.methodA(TestServiceImpl.java:)
3. at yunnex.saofu.mall.service.impl.TestServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$8fcf06b.invoke(<generated>)
4. at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:)
5. at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:)

java.lang.Exception: 异常
	at yunnex.saofu.mall.service.impl.TestServiceImpl.methodA(TestServiceImpl.java:55)
	at yunnex.saofu.mall.service.impl.TestServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$8fcf06b.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:717)

执行结果：

 

 看到了吗，第一条SQL还是插入成功了，第二条语句插入出错，抛出Exception异常，但是事务并没有回滚。 接下来测试一下@Transactional(rollbackFor=Exception.class)这种情况。

 

1.4异常处理-不插入必填字段，抛出Exception，@Transactional指定异常类型

             由于篇幅问题，这里补贴代码了，和1.3不同的就是事务注解改成：@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)，运行之后，事务生效：

 

 数据库表没有插入数据。

        对于service方法中使用注解事务，要么service中的方法中不做异常捕获，要么捕捉异常后throw new RuntimeException()，这样出现异常时，都会使事务回滚。如果需要捕捉特定类型的异常来回滚事务，则需要用@Transactional(rollbackFor=特定类型异常.class)来指定。

 =================================================================================================================================

 

2.事务方法嵌套使用

这里在引入一个表（mall_config），这个表原先是空的。

2.1事务方法调用私有方法，私有方法有数据库操作，私有方法抛出异常

1. @Transactional
2. @Override
3. public void methodA() throws Exception {
4. MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
5. mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
6. mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
7. mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);
8. this.insert();
9. }
10. private void insert() {
11. MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
12. mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
13. mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
14. mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
15. mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
16. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
17. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
18. mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
19. mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
20. MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
21. // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
22. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
23. mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
24. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
25. mallOrderStatistics.setPayType();
26. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType();
27. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
28. mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
29. mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);//这里抛出异常
30. }

@Transactional
@Override
public void methodA() throws Exception {

	MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
	mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
	mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
	mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);

	this.insert();
}

private void insert() {
	MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
	mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);

	MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
	// mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);//这里抛出异常
}

执行结果：

 

 

数据没有插入，事务生效！在同一个类中，一个事务方法调用私用方法，私用方法里有对数据库的操作，私有方法里有异常（RuntimeException）产生，这种情况事务是起效果的。

2.2 事务方法调用私有方法，私有方法有数据库操作，事务方法抛出异常

1. @Transactional
2. @Override
3. public void methodA() throws Exception {
4. MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
5. mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
6. mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
7. mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);
8. this.insert();
9. //第三部分
10. MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
11. // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
12. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
13. mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
14. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
15. mallOrderStatistics.setPayType();
16. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType();
17. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
18. mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
19. mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
20. }
21. private void insert() {
22. MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
23. mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
24. mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
25. mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
26. mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
27. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
28. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
29. mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
30. mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
31. }

@Transactional
@Override
public void methodA() throws Exception {

	MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
	mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
	mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
	mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);

	this.insert();

        //第三部分
	MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
	// mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
}

private void insert() {
	MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
	mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
}

看以上代码，只有第三部分那里抛出异常，执行结果和2.1一样如下。在同一个类里面，一个事务方法里调用私有方法，相当于代码都写在事务方法里。

2.3 接口方法调用私有方法，私有方法添加事务注解

1. @Override
2. public void methodA() throws Exception {
3. MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
4. mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
5. mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
6. mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);
7. this.insert();
8. }
9. @Transactional
10. private void insert() {
11. MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
12. mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
13. mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
14. mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
15. mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
16. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
17. mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
18. mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
19. mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);
20. MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
21. // mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
22. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
23. mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
24. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
25. mallOrderStatistics.setPayType();
26. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType();
27. mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
28. mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
29. mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
30. }

@Override
public void methodA() throws Exception {

	MallConfig mallConfig = new MallConfig();
	mallConfig.setCanFetch(true);
	mallConfig.setCanDeliver(true);
	mallConfigMapper.insert(mallConfig);

	this.insert();
}

@Transactional
private void insert() {
	MallGoodsRanking mallGoodsRanking = new MallGoodsRanking();
	mallGoodsRanking.setShopId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallGoodsRanking.setMallGoodsId(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setGoodsName("测试");
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesVolume(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setSalesAmount(1L);
	mallGoodsRanking.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallGoodsRankingMapper.insert(mallGoodsRanking);

	MallOrderStatistics mallOrderStatistics = new MallOrderStatistics();
	// mallOrderStatistics.setShopId(1L);必填字段
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderNum(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setAvgOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderAmount(1L);
	mallOrderStatistics.setPayType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderType(1);
	mallOrderStatistics.setOrderDate(new Date());
	mallOrderStatistics.setCreateTime(new Date());
	mallOrderStatisticsMapper.insert(mallOrderStatistics);
}

执行结果如下：

 

 

 出现异常后，前面两个表还是插入成功了。@Transactional放在private方法上是不起效果的，并且也不报错，spring官网也说明了这一点。实际上，像这种情况，内部调用带有事务注解的public方法，事务也不生效，也就是

1. @Transactional
2. public void insert() {
3. 改成
4. @Transactional
5. private void insert() {

@Transactional
public void insert() {

改成

@Transactional
private void insert() {

具体原因请查看：http://blog.csdn.net/seelye/article/details/40144817。

 方法内部调用带有事务注解的方法（无论是private还是public），事务是不生效的。

spring异步（@Async）处理也是一样，有时候在进行业务处理的过程，有些业务可以作为异步来处理，这时候就有一些同学就在同一类中新建一个方法，使用@Async注解，然后调用这个异步方法，其实这是不起作用的，一定要新建另外一个类，这个类新建公共方法，用@Async注解，然后调用才起到异步的作用。