Finish crawl web

learned from udacity

提示：在某些时候，你必须在page上调用get_page。这似乎违反直觉，但是我们用 page 这个词时，指的网页的网址 (url) 和文本内容 (html)。get_page所做的是，传入网页的网址 (url) 并返回文本内容 (html)。

采用Depth First Search 深度优先搜索

tip :

在某些时候，你必须在page上调用get_page。这似乎违反直觉，但是我们用 page 这个词时，

指的网页的网址 (url) 和文本内容 (html)。get_page所做的是，传入网页的网址 (url) 并返回文本内容 (html)。

def get_page(url):

    # This is a simulated get_page procedure so that you can test your

    # code on two pages "http://xkcd.com/353" and "http://xkcd.com/554".

    # A procedure which actually grabs a page from the web will be

    # introduced in unit 4.

    try:

        if url == "http://xkcd.com/353":

            return  '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/c40a9f8.css" type="text/css" media="screen" ?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>xkcd: Python</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/c40a9f8.css" media="screen" title="Default" /> <!--[if IE]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/ecbbecc.css" media="screen" title="Default" /><![endif]--> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 1.0" href="/atom.xml" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="/rss.xml" /> <link rel="icon" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/919f273.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/919f273.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="topContainer"> <div id="topLeft" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s">\t<ul> <li><a href="http://xkcd.com/554"">Archive</a><br /></li>\t <li><a href="http://blag.xkcd.com/">News/Blag</a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://store.xkcd.com/">Store</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/about/">About</a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://forums.xkcd.com/">Forums</a><br /></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> <div id="topRight" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"> <div id="topRightContainer"> <div id="logo"> <a href="/"><img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/9be30a7.png" alt="xkcd.com logo" height="83" width="185"/></a> <h2><br />A webcomic of romance,<br/> sarcasm, math, and language.</h2> <div class="clearleft"></div> <br />XKCD updates every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="contentContainer"> <div id="middleContent" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"><h1>Python</h1><br/><br /><div class="menuCont"> <ul> <li><a href="/1/">|&lt;</a></li> <li><a href="/352/" accesskey="p">&lt; Prev</a></li> <li><a href="http://dynamic.xkcd.com/random/comic/" id="rnd_btn_t">Random</a></li> <li><a href="/354/" accesskey="n">Next &gt;</a></li> <li><a href="/">&gt;|</a></li> </ul></div><br/><br/><img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/python.png" title="I wrote 20 short programs in Python yesterday. It was wonderful. Perl, Im leaving you." alt="Python" /><br/><br/><div class="menuCont"> <ul> <li><a href="/1/">|&lt;</a></li> <li><a href="/352/" accesskey="p">&lt; Prev</a></li> <li><a href="http://dynamic.xkcd.com/random/comic/" id="rnd_btn_b">Random</a></li> <li><a href="/354/" accesskey="n">Next &gt;</a></li> <li><a href="/">&gt;|</a></li> </ul></div><h3>Permanent link to this comic: http://xkcd.com/353/</h3><h3>Image URL (for hotlinking/embedding): http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/python.png</h3><div id="transcript" style="display: none">[[ Guy 1 is talking to Guy 2, who is floating in the sky ]]Guy 1: You39;re flying! How?Guy 2: Python!Guy 2: I learned it last night! Everything is so simple!Guy 2: Hello world is just 39;print &quot;Hello, World!&quot; 39;Guy 1: I dunno... Dynamic typing? Whitespace?Guy 2: Come join us! Programming is fun again! It39;s a whole new world up here!Guy 1: But how are you flying?Guy 2: I just typed 39;import antigravity39;Guy 1: That39;s it?Guy 2: ...I also sampled everything in the medicine cabinet for comparison.Guy 2: But i think this is the python.{{ I wrote 20 short programs in Python yesterday. It was wonderful. Perl, I39;m leaving you. }}</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> <div id="middleFooter" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/a899e84.jpg" width="520" height="100" alt="Selected Comics" usemap=" comicmap" /> <map name="comicmap"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,100,100" href="/150/" alt="Grownups" /> <area shape="rect" coords="104,0,204,100" href="/730/" alt="Circuit Diagram" /> <area shape="rect" coords="208,0,308,100" href="/162/" alt="Angular Momentum" /> <area shape="rect" coords="312,0,412,100" href="/688/" alt="Self-Description" /> <area shape="rect" coords="416,0,520,100" href="/556/" alt="Alternative Energy Revolution" /> </map><br/><br />Search comic titles and transcripts:<br /><script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/jsapi"></script><script type="text/javascript"> google.load(\"search\", \"1\"); google.setOnLoadCallback(function() { google.search.CustomSearchControl.attachAutoCompletion( \"012652707207066138651:zudjtuwe28q\", document.getElementById(\"q\"), \"cse-search-box\"); });</script><form action="//www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="012652707207066138651:zudjtuwe28q" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8" /> <input type="text" name="q" id="q" autocomplete="off" size="31" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> </div></form><script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en"></script><a href="/rss.xml">RSS Feed</a> - <a href="/atom.xml">Atom Feed</a><br /> <br/> <div id="comicLinks"> Comics I enjoy:<br/> <a href="http://www.qwantz.com">Dinosaur Comics</a>, <a href="http://www.asofterworld.com">A Softer World</a>, <a href="http://pbfcomics.com/">Perry Bible Fellowship</a>, <a href="http://www.boltcity.com/copper/">Copper</a>, <a href="http://questionablecontent.net/">Questionable Content</a>, <a href="http://achewood.com/">Achewood</a>, <a href="http://wondermark.com/">Wondermark</a>, <a href="http://thisisindexed.com/">Indexed</a>, <a href="http://www.buttercupfestival.com/buttercupfestival.htm">Buttercup Festival</a> </div> <br/> Warning: this comic occasionally contains strong language (which may be unsuitable for children), unusual humor (which may be unsuitable for adults), and advanced mathematics (which may be unsuitable for liberal-arts majors).<br/> <br/> <h4>We did not invent the algorithm. The algorithm consistently finds Jesus. The algorithm killed Jeeves. <br />The algorithm is banned in China. The algorithm is from Jersey. The algorithm constantly finds Jesus.<br />This is not the algorithm. This is close.</h4><br/> <div class="line"></div> <br/> <div id="licenseText"> <!-- <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border:none" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/static/somerights20.png" /></a><br/> --> This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License</a>.<!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns "><Work rdf:about=""><dc:creator>Randall Munroe</dc:creator><dcterms:rightsHolder>Randall Munroe</dcterms:rightsHolder><dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /><dc:source rdf:resource="http://www.xkcd.com/"/><license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/" /></Work><License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/"><permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction" /><permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution" /><requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice" /><requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution" /><prohibits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/CommercialUse" /><permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks" /></License></rdf:RDF> --> <br/> This means you\"re free to copy and share these comics (but not to sell them). <a href="/license.html">More details</a>.<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </body></html> '

        elif url == "http://xkcd.com/554":

            return  '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <?xml-stylesheet href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/c40a9f8.css" type="text/css" media="screen" ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>xkcd: Not Enough Work</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/c40a9f8.css" media="screen" title="Default" /> <!--[if IE]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/ecbbecc.css" media="screen" title="Default" /><![endif]--> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 1.0" href="/atom.xml" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0" href="/rss.xml" /> <link rel="icon" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/919f273.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/919f273.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="topContainer"> <div id="topLeft" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"> <ul> <li><a href="/archive/">Archive</a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://blag.xkcd.com/">News/Blag</a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://store.xkcd.com/">Store</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/about/">About</a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://forums.xkcd.com/">Forums</a><br /></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> <div id="topRight" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"> <div id="topRightContainer"> <div id="logo"> <a href="/"><img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/9be30a7.png" alt="xkcd.com logo" height="83" width="185"/></a> <h2><br />A webcomic of romance,<br/> sarcasm, math, and language.</h2> <div class="clearleft"></div> XKCD updates every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. <br /> Blag: Remember geohashing? <a href="http://blog.xkcd.com/2012/02/27/geohashing-2/">Something pretty cool</a> happened Sunday. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="contentContainer"> <div id="middleContent" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"> <h1>Not Enough Work</h1><br/> <br /> <div class="menuCont"> <ul> <li><a href="/1/">|&lt;</a></li> <li><a href="/553/" accesskey="p">&lt; Prev</a></li> <li><a href="http://dynamic.xkcd.com/random/comic/" id="rnd_btn_t">Random</a></li> <li><a href="/555/" accesskey="n">Next &gt;</a></li> <li><a href="/">&gt;|</a></li> </ul> </div> <br/> <br/> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/not_enough_work.png" title="It39;s even harder if you39;re an asshole who pronounces &lt;&gt; brackets." alt="Not Enough Work" /><br/> <br/> <div class="menuCont"> <ul> <li><a href="/1/">|&lt;</a></li> <li><a href="/553/" accesskey="p">&lt; Prev</a></li> <li><a href="http://dynamic.xkcd.com/random/comic/" id="rnd_btn_b">Random</a></li> <li><a href="/555/" accesskey="n">Next &gt;</a></li> <li><a href="/">&gt;|</a></li> </ul> </div> <h3>Permanent link to this comic: http://xkcd.com/554/</h3> <h3>Image URL (for hotlinking/embedding): http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/not_enough_work.png</h3> <div id="transcript" style="display: none">Narration: Signs your coders don39;t have enough work to do: [[A man sitting at his workstation; a female co-worker behind him]] Man: I39;m almost up to my old typing speed in dvorak [[Two men standing by a server rack]] Man  1: Our servers now support gopher. Man  1: Just in case. [[A woman standing near her workstation speaking to a male co-worker]] Woman: Our pages are now HTML, XHTML-STRICT, and haiku-compliant Man: Haiku? Woman: &lt;div class=&quot;main&quot;&gt; Woman: &lt;span id=&quot;marquee&quot;&gt; Woman: Blog!&lt; span&gt;&lt; div&gt; [[A woman sitting at her workstation]] Woman: Hey! Have you guys seen this webcomic? {{title text: It39;s even harder if you39;re an asshole who pronounces &lt;&gt; brackets.}}</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> <div id="middleFooter" class="dialog"> <div class="hd"><div class="c"></div></div> <div class="bd"> <div class="c"> <div class="s"> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/s/a899e84.jpg" width="520" height="100" alt="Selected Comics" usemap=" comicmap" /> <map name="comicmap"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,100,100" href="/150/" alt="Grownups" /> <area shape="rect" coords="104,0,204,100" href="/730/" alt="Circuit Diagram" /> <area shape="rect" coords="208,0,308,100" href="/162/" alt="Angular Momentum" /> <area shape="rect" coords="312,0,412,100" href="/688/" alt="Self-Description" /> <area shape="rect" coords="416,0,520,100" href="/556/" alt="Alternative Energy Revolution" /> </map><br/><br /> Search comic titles and transcripts:<br /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/jsapi"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> google.load("search", "1"); google.search.CustomSearchControl.attachAutoCompletion( "012652707207066138651:zudjtuwe28q", document.getElementById("q"), "cse-search-box"); }); </script> <form action="//www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="012652707207066138651:zudjtuwe28q" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8" /> <input type="text" name="q" id="q" autocomplete="off" size="31" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en"></script> <a href="/rss.xml">RSS Feed</a> - <a href="/atom.xml">Atom Feed</a> <br /> <br/> <div id="comicLinks"> Comics I enjoy:<br/> <a href="http://threewordphrase.com/">Three Word Phrase</a>, <a href="http://oglaf.com/">Oglaf</a> (nsfw), <a href="http://www.smbc-comics.com/">SMBC</a>, <a href="http://www.qwantz.com">Dinosaur Comics</a>, <a href="http://www.asofterworld.com">A Softer World</a>, <a href="http://buttersafe.com/">Buttersafe</a>, <a href="http://pbfcomics.com/">Perry Bible Fellowship</a>, <a href="http://questionablecontent.net/">Questionable Content</a>, <a href="http://www.buttercupfestival.com/buttercupfestival.htm">Buttercup Festival</a> </div> <br/> Warning: this comic occasionally contains strong language (which may be unsuitable for children), unusual humor (which may be unsuitable for adults), and advanced mathematics (which may be unsuitable for liberal-arts majors).<br/> <br/> <h4>We did not invent the algorithm. The algorithm consistently finds Jesus. The algorithm killed Jeeves. <br />The algorithm is banned in China. The algorithm is from Jersey. The algorithm constantly finds Jesus.<br />This is not the algorithm. This is close.</h4><br/> <div class="line"></div> <br/> <div id="licenseText"> <!-- <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border:none" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/static/somerights20.png" /></a><br/> --> This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License</a>. <!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns "><Work rdf:about=""><dc:creator>Randall Munroe</dc:creator><dcterms:rightsHolder>Randall Munroe</dcterms:rightsHolder><dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /><dc:source rdf:resource="http://www.xkcd.com/"/><license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/" /></Work><License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/"><permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction" /><permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution" /><requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice" /><requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution" /><prohibits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/CommercialUse" /><permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks" /></License></rdf:RDF> --> <br/> This means you"re free to copy and share these comics (but not to sell them). <a href="/license.html">More details</a>.<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ft"><div class="c"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> '

    except:

        return ""

    return ""

def get_next_target(page):

    start_link = page.find('<a href=')

    if start_link == -1:

        return None, 0

    start_quote = page.find('"', start_link)

    end_quote = page.find('"', start_quote + 1)

    url = page[start_quote + 1:end_quote]

    return url, end_quote

def union(p,q):

    for e in q:

        if e not in p:

            p.append(e)

def get_all_links(page):

    links = []

    while True:

        url,endpos = get_next_target(page)

        if url:

            links.append(url)

            page = page[endpos:]

        else:

            break

    return links

def crawl_web(seed):

    tocrawl = [seed]

    crawled = []

    while tocrawl:

        page = tocrawl.pop()

        if page not in crawled:

        	union(tocrawl,get_all_links(get_page(page)))

        	crawled.append(page)

    return crawled

【Web crawler】simulated DFS web crawler的更多相关文章

  1. 【转】【完全开源】百度地图Web service API C#.NET版，带地图显示控件、导航控件、POI查找控件

    [转][完全开源]百度地图Web service API C#.NET版,带地图显示控件.导航控件.POI查找控件 目录 概述 功能 如何使用 参考帮助 概述 源代码主要包含三个项目,BMap.NET ...

  2. 【渗透课程】前言-揭开Web渗透与安全的面纱（必看）

    服务器是怎么被入侵的 攻击者想要对一台计算机渗透必须具备以下条件: 1.服务器与客户端能够正常通讯 (服务器是为客户端提供服务的) 2.服务器向客户端提供的权限(服务)或者说是端口. 服务端所提供的服 ...

  3. 【Web API2】ASP.NET Web API Security

    实现安全的方式既可以是host提供,也可以框架提供. 1,HTTP Module 方式,工作在IIS上,所以web api要托管在IIS上才行.其作用于HTTP管道的最前端,所以这种方式影响的是全局, ...

  4. 【SpringBoot1.x】SpringBoot1.x Web 开发

    SpringBoot1.x Web 开发 文章源码 简介 SpringBoot 非常适合 Web 应用程序开发.可以使用嵌入式 Tomcat,Jetty 或 Undertow 轻松创建独立的 HTTP ...

  5. 【CentOS 7】nginx配置web服务器

    1,安装过程 [root@VM_1_14_centos ~]# cd /data/ [root@VM_1_14_centos data]# wget http://nginx.org/download ...

  6. 【完全开源】百度地图Web service API C#.NET版，带地图显示控件、导航控件、POI查找控件

    目录 概述 功能 如何使用 参考帮助 概述 源代码主要包含三个项目,BMap.NET.BMap.NET.WindowsForm以及BMap.NET.WinformDemo. BMap.NET 对百度地 ...

  7. 【读书笔记】iOS-使用Web Service-基于客户端服务器结构的网络通信（一）

    Web Service技术是一种通过Web协议提供服务,保证不同平台的应用服务可以互操作,为客户端程序提供不同的服务. 目前3种主流的Web Service实现方案用:REST,SOAP和XML-RP ...

  8. 【读书笔记】iOS网络-Web Service协议与风格

    协议指的是在与其它系统交换结构化信息时所要遵循的一套格式,过程与规则.此外,协议定义了在传输过程中所要使用的数据格式.这样,接收系统就能正确地解释结构化信息并做出正应的回应. 1,简单对象访问协议. ...

  9. 【QCon笔记】Native 和 Web 融合

    #main img{width:100%;} 简介 理清 Native 和 Web 的亮点和痛点,借鉴对方亮点解决自身的痛点,并给出淘系 App 在这些方面的实践. Mobile Web 的协作能力底 ...

随机推荐

  1. POJ_3468 A Simple Problem with Integers 【线段树区间查询+修改】

    一.题目 POJ3468 二.分析 裸的线段树区间查询+修改. 三.AC代码 #include <cstdio> #include <iostream> #include &l ...

  2. [转] vagrant学习笔记 - provision

    [From]  https://blog.csdn.net/54powerman/article/details/50684844 从字面上来看,provision是准备,实现的功能是在原生镜像的基础 ...

  3. python四则运算2.0

    github项目地址: https://github.com/kongkalong/python PSP 预估耗时(分钟) Planning .Estimate 48*60 Development . ...

  4. git 换行符替换

    https://help.github.com/en/articles/dealing-with-line-endings rm .git/index git reset https://github ...

  5. python 中mysql数据库的读写

    1.读取数据库 import pymysql id=[] name=[] explain=[] db=pymysql.Connection(host=,user="root", p ...

  6. atoi和stoi

    vs环境下:stoi函数默认要求输入的参数字符串是符合int范围的[-2147483648, 2147483647],否则会runtime error.atoi函数则不做范围检查,若超过int范围,则 ...

  7. 04-oracle时间函数

    add_months(sysdate,x)x月之后的日期:last_day(sysdate)指定日期所在月份的最后一天:next_day(sysdate,'星期x')当前日期后的下一个星期x: mon ...

  8. SSL评测

    首先在这个网站上测试一下自己的服务器究竟处于什么水平 https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/

  9. XPath语法简介

    XPath是一种在xml中查找信息的语言,具体可参考W3school XPath教程 XPath是以路径表达式来选择XML文档中的节点或节点集 === XPath节点(Node) 在 XPath 中, ...

  10. hibernate 学习笔记2

    1.Criteria查询接口适用于组合多个限制条件来搜索一个查询集. 要使用Criteria,需要遵循以下步骤: *创建查询接口: Criteria criteria=session.createCr ...