python框架之Django(3)-模版

常用语法

符号

{{...}} # 变量相关

{%...%} # 逻辑相关

{#...#} # 注释

使用变量

 def test(request):

     name = '张三'

     age = 19

     return render(request,'test.html',{'name':name,'age':19})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     name:{{ name }} age:{{ age }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

for循环

 def test(request):

     name_list = ['张三', '李四', '王五']

     return render(request, 'test.html', {'list': name_list})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ list }}

 <hr>

 {% for name in list %}

     {{ name }}

 {% endfor %}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

使用字典

 def test(request):

     name_dict = {'firstname': 'zhang', 'lastname': 'san'}

     return render(request, 'test.html', {'dict': name_dict})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ dict.firstname }}

 {{ dict.lastname }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

使用对象

 class Person:

     def __init__(self,firstname,lastname):

         self.firstname = firstname

         self.lastname = lastname

     def show(self):

         return 'my firstname is {},last name is {}'.format(self.firstname,self.lastname)

     def __str__(self):

         return 'person obj name is {} {}'.format(self.firstname,self.lastname)

 def test(request):

     p = Person('zhang','san')

     return render(request, 'test.html', {'person': p})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ person.firstname }}

 {{ person.lastname }}

 <hr>

 {{ person.show }}

 <hr>

 {{ person }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

Filters

语法: {{value|filter_name:params}}

default

当所修饰的变量为空时使用所指定的默认值

 def test(request):

     v1= None

     v2 = '有值'

     return render(request, 'test.html', {'v1': v1,'v2':v2})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ v1|default:'空值' }}

 <hr>

 {{ v2|default:'空值' }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

filesizeformat

文件大小格式化

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ 123456789|filesizeformat }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

slice

切片

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ 'abcdefghijklmn'|slice:'::2'}}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

date

时间格式化

 def test1(request):

     from datetime import datetime

     now = datetime.now()

     return render(request, 'test.html', {'now': now})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ now }}

 <hr>

 {{ now|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s'}}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

safe

不转义输出

 def test(request):

     a_tag = '<a href="http://www.baidu.com">超链接<a>'

     return render(request, 'test.html', {'a_tag': a_tag})

/[app name]/views.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ a_tag }}

 <hr>

 {{ a_tag|safe }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

truncatechars

显示指定长度字符,多余部分用'...'代替

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {{ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'|truncatechars:10 }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

自定义filter

 from django import template

 register = template.Library()

 @register.filter(name='append')

 def add_sb(self, param1):

     return '{}{}'.format(self, param1)

/[app name]/templatetags/myfilter.py

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {% load myfilter %}

 {{ '张三'| sb }}

 </body>

 </html>

/templates/test.html

result

母版页

block

在母版页中定义一个块让子页面使用

{% block [block name] %}

{% endblock %}

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title></title>

 </head>

 <body>

 这是母版页的内容

 <hr>

 {# 定义一个block块让子页面替换 #}

 {% block page-main %}

 {% endblock %}

 </body>

 </html>

/[templates]/base.html

extends

继承母版页

{% extends '[母版页地址]' %}

{% block [block name] %}

{% endblock %}

 {% extends 'base.html' %}

 {%block page-main %}

     这里是子页面的内容

 {%endblock %}

/[templates]/test.html

扩展

forloop的属性

Variable	Description
`forloop.counter`	当前循环的索引值（从1开始）
`forloop.counter0`	当前循环的索引值（从0开始）
`forloop.revcounter`	当前循环的倒序索引值（从1开始）
`forloop.revcounter0`	当前循环的倒序索引值（从0开始）
`forloop.first`	当前循环是不是第一次循环（布尔值）
`forloop.last`	当前循环是不是最后一次循环（布尔值）
`forloop.parentloop`	本层循环的外层循环

for...empty

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

     <meta charset="UTF-8">

     <title>模板测试</title>

 </head>

 <body>

 {% for i in list %}

     有值则遍历

 {% empty %}

     空空如也

 {% endfor %}

 </body>

 </html>

with

定义一个中间变量

 {% with total=list.count %}

     {{ total }}

 {% endwith %}

include

引入指定页

{% include '[页面地址]' %}

<p>in subpage.html</p>

/templates/subpage.html

 {% include 'subpage.html' %}

 <hr>

 in test.html

/templates/test.html

static&get_static_prefix

动态获取静态文件夹别名来拼接静态文件的url

配置如下

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [

    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static1"),

    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static2"),

]

要访问项目根目录下文件夹static1里的jquery.min.js文件,原来的写法是:

<script src='/static/jquery.min.js'></script>

使用static的写法是:

<script src="{% static 'jquery.min.js'%}"></script>

使用get_static_prefix的写法是:

<script src='{% get_static_prefix %}jquery.min.js'></script>

也可给路径起一个别名:

<script src="{% static 'jquery.min.js' as jquery_path %}"></script>

<!-- 之后就可以通过别名引入 -->

<script src="{{ jquery_path }}"></script>