python 开发练习之 监控

本节内容

为什么要做监控？

常用监控系统设计讨论

监控系统架构设计

监控表结构设计

为什么要做监控？

–熟悉IT监控系统的设计原理

–开发一个简版的类Zabbix监控系统

–掌握自动化开发项目的程序设计思路及架构解藕原则

 

常用监控系统设计讨论

Zabbix

Nagios

 

监控系统需求讨论

1.可监控常用系统服务、应用、网络设备等

2.一台主机上可监控多个不同服务、不同服务的监控间隔可不同

3.同一个服务在不同主机上的监控间隔、报警阈值可不同

4.可以批量的给一批主机添加、删除、修改要监控的服务

5.告警级别：

• 不同的服务 因为业务重要程度不同，如果出了问题可以设置不同的报警级别
• 可以指定特定的服务或告警级别的事件通知给特定的用户
• 告警的升级设定

6.历史数据 的存储和优化

• 实现用最少的空间占用量存储最多的有效数据
• 如何做到1s中之内取出一台主机上所有服务的5年的监控数据？

7. 数据可视化，如何做出简洁美观的用户界面？

8.如何实现单机支持5000+机器监控需求？

9.采取何种通信方式？主动、被动？

10.如何实现监控服务器的水平扩展？

 

 

采用什么架构？

•Mysql

•主动通信？ Snmp,wget…

•被动通信？Agent ---how to communicate with the monitor server

•Socket server –>  Sockect client

•能否用现成的c/s架构？ Rabbit mq, redis 订阅发布， http ?

 

采用HTTP好处

1.接口设计简单

2.容易水平扩展做分布式

3.Socket稳定成熟，省去较多的通信维护精力

Http特性：

1.短连接

2.无状态

3.安全认证

4.被动通信

#!_*_coding:utf8_*_
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Host(models.Model):
    name =  models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
    ip_addr =  models.GenericIPAddressField(unique=True)
    host_groups = models.ManyToManyField('HostGroup',blank=True) # A B C
    templates = models.ManyToManyField("Template",blank=True) # A D E
    monitored_by_choices = (
        ('agent','Agent'),
        ('snmp','SNMP'),
        ('wget','WGET'),
    )
    monitored_by = models.CharField(u'监控方式',max_length=64,choices=monitored_by_choices)
    status_choices= (
        (1,'Online'),
        (2,'Down'),
        (3,'Unreachable'),
        (4,'Offline'),
    )
    status = models.IntegerField(u'状态',choices=status_choices,default=1)
    memo = models.TextField(u"备注",blank=True,null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

class HostGroup(models.Model):
    name =  models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
    templates = models.ManyToManyField("Template",blank=True)
    memo = models.TextField(u"备注",blank=True,null=True)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

class ServiceIndex(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    key =models.CharField(max_length=64)
    data_type_choices = (
        ('int',"int"),
        ('float',"float"),
        ('str',"string")
    )
    data_type = models.CharField(u'指标数据类型',max_length=32,choices=data_type_choices,default='int')
    memo = models.CharField(u"备注",max_length=128,blank=True,null=True)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return "%s.%s" %(self.name,self.key)

class Service(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(u'服务名称',max_length=64,unique=True)
    interval = models.IntegerField(u'监控间隔',default=60)
    plugin_name = models.CharField(u'插件名',max_length=64,default='n/a')
    items = models.ManyToManyField('ServiceIndex',verbose_name=u"指标列表",blank=True)
    memo = models.CharField(u"备注",max_length=128,blank=True,null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name
    #def get_service_items(obj):
    #    return ",".join([i.name for i in obj.items.all()])

class Template(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(u'模版名称',max_length=64,unique=True)
    services = models.ManyToManyField('Service',verbose_name=u"服务列表")
    triggers = models.ManyToManyField('Trigger',verbose_name=u"触发器列表",blank=True)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name
'''
class TriggerExpression(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(u"触发器表达式名称",max_length=64,blank=True,null=True)
    service = models.ForeignKey(Service,verbose_name=u"关联服务")
    service_index = models.ForeignKey(ServiceIndex,verbose_name=u"关联服务指标")
    logic_type_choices = (('or','OR'),('and','AND'))
    logic_type = models.CharField(u"逻辑关系",choices=logic_type_choices,max_length=32,blank=True,null=True)
    left_sibling = models.ForeignKey('self',verbose_name=u"左边条件",blank=True,null=True,related_name='left_sibling_condition' )
    operator_type_choices = (('eq','='),('lt','<'),('gt','>'))
    operator_type = models.CharField(u"运算符",choices=operator_type_choices,max_length=32)
    data_calc_type_choices = (
        ('avg','Average'),
        ('max','Max'),
        ('hit','Hit'),
        ('last','Last'),
    )
    data_calc_func= models.CharField(u"数据处理方式",choices=data_calc_type_choices,max_length=64)
    data_calc_args = models.CharField(u"函数传入参数",help_text=u"若是多个参数,则用,号分开,第一个值是时间",max_length=64)
    threshold = models.IntegerField(u"阈值")

    def __unicode__(self):
        return "%s %s(%s(%s))" %(self.service_index,self.operator_type,self.data_calc_func,self.data_calc_args)
'''

class TriggerExpression(models.Model):
    #name = models.CharField(u"触发器表达式名称",max_length=64,blank=True,null=True)
    trigger = models.ForeignKey('Trigger',verbose_name=u"所属触发器")
    service = models.ForeignKey(Service,verbose_name=u"关联服务")
    service_index = models.ForeignKey(ServiceIndex,verbose_name=u"关联服务指标")
    specified_index_key = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"只监控专门指定的指标key",max_length=64,blank=True,null=True)
    operator_type_choices = (('eq','='),('lt','<'),('gt','>'))
    operator_type = models.CharField(u"运算符",choices=operator_type_choices,max_length=32)
    data_calc_type_choices = (
        ('avg','Average'),
        ('max','Max'),
        ('hit','Hit'),
        ('last','Last'),
    )
    data_calc_func= models.CharField(u"数据处理方式",choices=data_calc_type_choices,max_length=64)
    data_calc_args = models.CharField(u"函数传入参数",help_text=u"若是多个参数,则用,号分开,第一个值是时间",max_length=64)
    threshold = models.IntegerField(u"阈值")

    logic_type_choices = (('or','OR'),('and','AND'))
    logic_type = models.CharField(u"与一个条件的逻辑关系",choices=logic_type_choices,max_length=32,blank=True,null=True)
    #next_condition = models.ForeignKey('self',verbose_name=u"右边条件",blank=True,null=True,related_name='right_sibling_condition' )
    def __unicode__(self):
        return "%s %s(%s(%s))" %(self.service_index,self.operator_type,self.data_calc_func,self.data_calc_args)
    class Meta:
        pass #unique_together = ('trigger_id','service')

class Trigger(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(u'触发器名称',max_length=64)
    #expressions= models.TextField(u"表达式")
    severity_choices = (
        (1,'Information'),
        (2,'Warning'),
        (3,'Average'),
        (4,'High'),
        (5,'Diaster'),
    )
    #expressions = models.ManyToManyField(TriggerExpression,verbose_name=u"条件表达式")
    severity = models.IntegerField(u'告警级别',choices=severity_choices)
    enabled = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    memo = models.TextField(u"备注",blank=True,null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return "<serice:%s, severity:%s>" %(self.name,self.get_severity_display())

class Action(models.Model):
    name =  models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
    host_groups = models.ManyToManyField('HostGroup',blank=True)
    hosts = models.ManyToManyField('Host',blank=True)

    conditions = models.TextField(u'告警条件')
    interval = models.IntegerField(u'告警间隔(s)',default=300)
    operations = models.ManyToManyField('ActionOperation')

    recover_notice = models.BooleanField(u'故障恢复后发送通知消息',default=True)
    recover_subject = models.CharField(max_length=128,blank=True,null=True)
    recover_message = models.TextField(blank=True,null=True)

    enabled = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

class ActionOperation(models.Model):
    name =  models.CharField(max_length=64)
    step = models.SmallIntegerField(u"第n次告警",default=1)
    action_type_choices = (
        ('email','Email'),
        ('sms','SMS'),
        ('script','RunScript'),
    )
    action_type = models.CharField(u"动作类型",choices=action_type_choices,default='email',max_length=64)
    #notifiers= models.ManyToManyField(host_models.UserProfile,verbose_name=u"通知对象",blank=True)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

class Maintenance(models.Model):
    name =  models.CharField(max_length=64,unique=True)
    hosts = models.ManyToManyField('Host',blank=True)
    host_groups = models.ManyToManyField('HostGroup',blank=True)
    content = models.TextField(u"维护内容")
    start_time = models.DateTimeField()
    end_time = models.DateTimeField()

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

''''
CPU
    idle 80
    usage  90
    system  30
    user
    iowait  50

memory :
    usage
    free
    swap
    cache
    buffer

load:
    load1
    load 5
    load 15
'''