iOS 生成本地验证码

在应用程序注册、登陆或者有关支付确认的界面，经常会用到验证码，验证码有的是通过手机发送获取的，有的是在本地点击获取的，通过手机发送获取的动态验证码可以使用第三方类库实现，本地点击获取的是在本地自己绘制的，下面我们来详细讲解一下本地生成动态验证码的过程。

导入CoreGraphics.framework

验证码封装了一个UIView，在使用的时候直接把这个View加到界面上使用

CaptchaView.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface CaptchaView : UIView

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSArray *changeArray; //字符素材数组
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *changeString;  //验证码的字符串

@end

CaptchaView.m

#import "CaptchaView.h"

#define kRandomColor  [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0 green:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0 blue:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0 alpha:1.0];
#define kLineCount 6
#define kLineWidth 1.0
#define kCharCount 6
#define kFontSize [UIFont systemFontOfSize:arc4random() % 5 + 15]

@implementation CaptchaView
@synthesize changeString,changeArray;

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {

        self.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0; //设置layer圆角半径
        self.layer.masksToBounds = YES; //隐藏边界
        self.backgroundColor = kRandomColor;

        //显示一个随机验证码
        [self changeCaptcha];
    }

    return self;
}
#pragma mark 更换验证码,得到更换的验证码的字符串
-(void)changeCaptcha
{
//<一>从字符数组中随机抽取相应数量的字符，组成验证码字符串
    //数组中存放的是全部可选的字符，可以是字母，也可以是中文
    self.changeArray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"0",@"1",@"2",@"3",@"4",@"5",@"6",@"7",@"8",@"9",@"A",@"B",@"C",@"D",@"E",@"F",@"G",@"H",@"I",@"J",@"K",@"L",@"M",@"N",@"O",@"P",@"Q",@"R",@"S",@"T",@"U",@"V",@"W",@"X",@"Y",@"Z",@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",@"i",@"j",@"k",@"l",@"m",@"n",@"o",@"p",@"q",@"r",@"s",@"t",@"u",@"v",@"w",@"x",@"y",@"z",@"杰",@"瑞",@"教",@"育",nil];

    //如果能确定最大需要的容量，使用initWithCapacity:来设置，好处是当元素个数不超过容量时，添加元素不需要重新分配内存
    NSMutableString *getStr = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:kCharCount];
    self.changeString = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:kCharCount];

    //随机从数组中选取需要个数的字符，然后拼接为一个字符串
    for(int i = 0; i < kCharCount; i++)
    {
        NSInteger index = arc4random() % ([self.changeArray count] - 1);
        getStr = [self.changeArray objectAtIndex:index];

        self.changeString = (NSMutableString *)[self.changeString stringByAppendingString:getStr];
    }

//<2>从网络获取字符串，然后把得到的字符串在本地绘制出来（网络获取步骤在这省略）
//    self.changeString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"杰瑞教育"];
}

#pragma mark 点击view时调用，因为当前类自身就是UIView，点击更换验证码可以直接写到这个方法中，不用再额外添加手势
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    //点击界面，切换验证码
    [self changeCaptcha];

    //setNeedsDisplay调用drawRect方法来实现view的绘制
    [self setNeedsDisplay];
}

#pragma mark 绘制界面（1.UIView初始化后自动调用； 2.调用setNeedsDisplay方法时会自动调用）
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
    // 重写父类方法，首先要调用父类的方法
    [super drawRect:rect];

    //设置随机背景颜色
    self.backgroundColor = kRandomColor;

    //获得要显示验证码字符串，根据长度，计算每个字符显示的大概位置
    NSString *text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",self.changeString];
    CGSize cSize = [@"S" sizeWithAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:20]}]; int width = rect.size.width / text.length - cSize.width;
    int height = rect.size.height - cSize.height;
    CGPoint point;

    //依次绘制每一个字符,可以设置显示的每个字符的字体大小、颜色、样式等
    float pX, pY;
    for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++)
    {
        pX = arc4random() % width + rect.size.width / text.length * i;
        pY = arc4random() % height;
        point = CGPointMake(pX, pY);
        unichar c = [text characterAtIndex:i];
        NSString *textC = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", c];

        [textC drawAtPoint:point withAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName:kFontSize}];
    }

    //调用drawRect：之前，系统会向栈中压入一个CGContextRef，调用UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()会取栈顶的CGContextRef
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
    //设置画线宽度
    CGContextSetLineWidth(context, kLineWidth);

    //绘制干扰的彩色直线
    for(int i = 0; i < kLineCount; i++)
    {
        //设置线的随机颜色
        UIColor *color = kRandomColor;
        CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, [color CGColor]);
        //设置线的起点
        pX = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.width;
        pY = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.height;
        CGContextMoveToPoint(context, pX, pY);
        //设置线终点
        pX = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.width;
        pY = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.height;
        CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, pX, pY);
        //画线
        CGContextStrokePath(context);
    }
}

@end

<三>在界面上添加验证码

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "CaptchaView.h"

@interface ViewController ()<UITextFieldDelegate,UIAlertViewDelegate>
{
    CaptchaView *_captchaView;
    UITextField *_input;
}

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    //显示验证码界面
    _captchaView = [[CaptchaView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 40, 150, 40)];
    [self.view addSubview:_captchaView];

    //提示文字
    UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(190, 40, 100, 40)];
    label.text = @"点击图片换验证码";
    label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
    label.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];
    [self.view addSubview:label];

    //添加输入框
    _input = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 100, 150, 40)];
    _input.layer.borderColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor].CGColor;
    _input.layer.borderWidth = 2.0;
    _input.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0;
    _input.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:21];
    _input.placeholder = @"请输入验证码!";
    _input.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing;
    _input.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    _input.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    _input.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone;
    _input.delegate = self;
    [self.view addSubview:_input];
}

#pragma mark 输入框协议中方法,点击return按钮
- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField
{
    //判断输入的是否为验证图片显示的验证码
    if ([_input.text isEqualToString:_captchaView.changeString]) {
        //正确弹出警告款提示正确
        UIAlertView *alview = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"恭喜您 ^o^" message:@"验证成功" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
        [alview show];
    }
    else
    {
        //验证不匹配，验证码和输入框晃动
        CAKeyframeAnimation *anim = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.translation.x"];
        anim.repeatCount = 1;
        anim.values = @[@-20, @20, @-20];
        [_captchaView.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil];
        [_input.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil];
    }
    return YES;
}

#pragma mark 警告框中方法
-(void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)alertView clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex
{
    //清空输入框内容，收回键盘
    if (buttonIndex==0) {
        _input.text = @"";
        [_input resignFirstResponder];
    }
}
@end