Python_散点图与折线图绘制

在数据分析的过程中，经常需要将数据可视化，目前常使用的：散点图  折线图

需要import的外部包  一个是绘图 一个是字体导入

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties

在数据处理前需要获取数据，从TXT  XML csv excel 等文本中获取需要的数据，保存到list

 def GetFeatureList(full_path_file):
     file_name = full_path_file.split('\\')[-1][0:4]
     # print(file_name)
     # print(full_name)
     K0_list = []
     Area_list = []
     all_lines = []
     f = open(full_path_file,'r')
     all_lines = f.readlines()
     lines_num = len(all_lines)
     # 数据清洗
     if lines_num > 5000:
         for i in range(3,lines_num-1):
             temp_k0 = int(all_lines[i].split('\t')[1])
             if temp_k0 == 0:
                 K0_list.append(ComputK0(all_lines[i]))
             else:
                 K0_list.append(temp_k0)
             Area_list.append(float(all_lines[i].split('\t')[15]))
         # K0_Scatter(K0_list,Area_list,file_name)
     else:
         print('{} 该样本量少于5000'.format(file_name))
     return K0_list, Area_list,file_name

绘制两组数据的散点图，同时绘制两个散点图，上下分布在同一个图片中

 def K0_Scatter(K0_list, area_list, pic_name):
     plt.figure(figsize=(25, 10), dpi=300)
     # 导入中文字体，及字体大小
     zhfont = FontProperties(fname='C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc', size=16)
     ax = plt.subplot(211)
     # print(K0_list)
     ax.scatter(range(len(K0_list)), K0_list, c='r', marker='o')
     plt.title(u'散点图', fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.xlabel('Sampling point', fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.ylabel('K0_value', fontproperties=zhfont)
     ax = plt.subplot(212)
     ax.scatter(range(len(area_list)), area_list, c='b', marker='o')
     plt.xlabel('Sampling point', fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.ylabel(u'大小', fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.title(u'散点图', fontproperties=zhfont)
     # imgname = 'E:\\' + pic_name + '.png'
     # plt.savefig(imgname, bbox_inches = 'tight')
     plt.show()

散点图显示

绘制一个折线图 每个数据增加标签

 def K0_Plot(X_label, Y_label, pic_name):
     plt.figure(figsize=(25, 10), dpi=300)
     # 导入中文字体，及字体大小
     zhfont = FontProperties(fname='C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc', size=16)
     ax = plt.subplot(111)
     # print(K0_list)
     ax.plot(X_label, Y_label, c='r', marker='o')
     plt.title(pic_name, fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.xlabel('coal_name', fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.ylabel(pic_name, fontproperties=zhfont)
     # ax.xaxis.grid(True, which='major')
     ax.yaxis.grid(True, which='major')
     for a, b in zip(X_label, Y_label):
         str_label = a + str(b) + '%'
         plt.text(a, b, str_label, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10)
     imgname = 'E:\\' + pic_name + '.png'
     plt.savefig(imgname, bbox_inches = 'tight')
     # plt.show()

绘制多条折线图

 def K0_MultPlot(dis_name, dis_lsit, pic_name):
     plt.figure(figsize=(80, 10), dpi=300)
     # 导入中文字体，及字体大小
     zhfont = FontProperties(fname='C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc', size=16)
     ax = plt.subplot(111)
     X_label = range(len(dis_lsit[1]))
     p1 = ax.plot(X_label, dis_lsit[1], c='r', marker='o',label='Euclidean Distance')
     p2 = ax.plot(X_label, dis_lsit[2], c='b', marker='o',label='Manhattan Distance')
     p3 = ax.plot(X_label, dis_lsit[4], c='y', marker='o',label='Chebyshev Distance')
     p4 = ax.plot(X_label, dis_lsit[5], c='g', marker='o',label='weighted Minkowski Distance')
     plt.legend()
     plt.title(pic_name, fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.xlabel('coal_name', fontproperties=zhfont)
     plt.ylabel(pic_name, fontproperties=zhfont)
     # ax.xaxis.grid(True, which='major')
     ax.yaxis.grid(True, which='major')
     for a, b,c in zip(X_label, dis_lsit[5],dis_name):
         str_label = c + '_'+ str(b)
         plt.text(a, b, str_label, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=5)
     imgname = 'E:\\' + pic_name + '.png'
     plt.savefig(imgname,bbox_inches = 'tight')
     # plt.show()

图形显示还有许多小技巧，使得可视化效果更好，比如坐标轴刻度的定制，网格化等，后续进行整理