error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
MacOS下想安装MySQL-Python,执行语句:
sudo pip install MySQL-Python
遇到了如下错误信息:
/Users/kaitlyn/anaconda3/envs/env2.7/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin11.4.2/4.8.5/include-fixed/limits.h:168:61: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
#include_next <limits.h> /* recurse down to the real one */
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
可以看到gcc缺少头文件limit.h,google上看到有一个人遇到了相同的问题,他更新了新版本的gcc,问题得以解决。
解决方案是:更新gcc
1、下载适用于你的系统的MacPort,地址为https://www.macports.org/install.php
我的系统是macOS Mojave,所以下载安装了macOS Mojave v10.14
2、更新MacPort版本,确保是最新版,在命令行输入:
sudo port selfupdate
3、安装gcc,在命令行输入:
sudo port install gcc7
然后等待安装,过程可能比较慢。我安装的是gcc7,如果想安装任意别的版本,比如版本x,可以输入gccx。
在执行这条语句时这里遇到一个问题:
Warning: xcodebuild exists but failed to execute
Warning: Xcode does not appear to be installed; most ports will likely fail to build.
原因是从xcode4.3之前的版本更新之后,xcode-select依然指向旧版的xcode,需要在命令行输入:
sudo xcode-select -switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
这个办法我是参考的链接https://trac.macports.org/wiki/ProblemHotlist,finish这条命令以后再sudo port install gcc7安装一下。
4、我使用下面的命令更新了gcc7的最新版,当然这一步你也可以跳过
sudo port -n upgrade --force gcc7
(env2.7) Kaitlyns-Mac:lib kaitlyn$ sudo port -n upgrade --force gcc7
---> Fetching archive for gcc7
---> Attempting to fetch gcc7-7.4.0_0.darwin_18.x86_64.tbz2 from https://pek.cn.packages.macports.org/macports/packages/gcc7
---> Attempting to fetch gcc7-7.4.0_0.darwin_18.x86_64.tbz2.rmd160 from https://pek.cn.packages.macports.org/macports/packages/gcc7
---> Computing dependencies for gcc7
---> Deactivating gcc7 @7.4.0_0
---> Cleaning gcc7
---> Uninstalling gcc7 @7.4.0_0
---> Cleaning gcc7
---> Computing dependencies for gcc7
---> Installing gcc7 @7.4.0_0
---> Activating gcc7 @7.4.0_0
---> Cleaning gcc7
---> Scanning binaries for linking errors
---> No broken files found.
---> No broken ports found.
5、安装完成以后,输入gcc -version查看现在的版本,发现依然是以前的旧版本4.8.5,而不是我安装的新版本7。
(env2.7) Kaitlyns-Mac:lib kaitlyn$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.8.5
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
这是因为原始默认版本就是4.8.5,需要切换版本。
切换版本:你可以下面的语句查看MacPort管理所有版本。以mp作为前缀开头的是MacPort自己管理的版本,而gcc7和IIvm-gcc7是Xcode管理的。
port select --list gcc
(env2.7) Kaitlyns-Mac:bin kaitlyn$ port select --list gcc
Available versions for gcc:
mp-gcc7
none (active)
可以看见我安装新版mp-gcc7
设置它为默认:
sudo port select --set gcc mp-gcc7
(env2.7) Kaitlyns-Mac:bin kaitlyn$ sudo port select --set gcc mp-gcc7
Password:
Selecting 'mp-gcc7' for 'gcc' succeeded. 'mp-gcc7' is now active.
再查看:
gcc --version
(env2.7) Kaitlyns-Mac:bin kaitlyn$ gcc --version
gcc (MacPorts gcc7 7.4.0_0) 7.4.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
可以看到现在为gcc7.4.0了。
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