requests库详解

 import requests

 #实例引入
 # response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
 # print(type(response))
 # print(response.status_code)
 # print(type(response.text))
 # print(response.text)
 # print(response.cookies)
 #
 # #各种请求方式
 # a = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
 # b = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
 # requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
 # requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
 # requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
 # print(a.text)

 #请求
 #基本GET请求
 #基本写法
 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
 # print(response.text)
 # #带参数GET请求
 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=gemmey&age=22')
 # print(response.text)
 #
 # data = {
 #     'name':'gemmey',
 #     'age':22
 # }
 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=data)
 # print(response.text)
 #
 # #解析Json
 # import json
 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
 # print(type(response.text))
 # print(response.json())#执行了json.loads()操作
 # print(json.loads(response.text))
 # print(type(response.json()))

 #获取二进制数据（图片、视频等）
 # response = requests.get('http://github.com/favicon.ico')
 # print(type(response.text),type(response.content))
 # print(response.text)
 # print(response.content)
 # with open('favicon.ico','wb') as f:
 #     f.write(response.content)

 #添加Headers
 #不加headers会被屏蔽
 # headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'}
 # response = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers=headers)
 # #response.encoding = 'utf-8'
 # print(response.text)

 #基本POST请求

 #form表单提交
 # data = {'name':'germey','age':22}
 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data)
 # print(response.text)
 # #加个headers
 # data = {'name':'germey','age':22}
 # headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'}
 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data,headers=headers)
 # print(response.json())

 #响应

 #response的属性
 headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'}
 # response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com',headers=headers)
 # print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)
 # print(type(response.headers),response.headers)
 # print(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)
 # print(type(response.url),response.url)
 # print(type(response.history),response.history)

 #状态码判断
 # response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com',headers = headers)
 # exit() if not response.status_code==requests.codes.ok else print('Request Successfilly')
 # response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com',headers = headers)
 # exit() if not response.status_code==200 else print('Request Successfilly')
 #
 # #高级操作
 # #文件上传
 # files = {'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}
 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)
 # print(response.text)

 #获取cookie
 # response = requests.get('http://baidu.com')
 # print(response.cookies)
 # for key,value in response.cookies.items():
 #     print(key + '=' + value)

 #会话维持
 #模拟登录
 # requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
 # print(response.text)
 # '''
 # {
 #   "cookies": {}
 # }
 # 相当于用两个浏览器分别访问
 # '''
 # #实例化Session对象，相当于一个浏览器访问
 # s = requests.Session()
 # s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
 # response = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
 # print(response.text)

 #证书验证
 #SSL提示的错误，访问HTTPS它首先验证证书，如果证书不合法会报错;是否进行证书验证verify
 # from requests.packages import urllib3
 # urllib3.disable_warnings()#消除警告信息
 # response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
 # print(response.status_code)

 #手动指定证书
 #本地没有证书
 # response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',cert=('/path/server.crt','/path/key'))
 # print(response.status_code)

 #代理设置
 #我这两个代理失效了
 # proxies = {
 #     'http':'http://127.0.0.1:9743',
 #     'https':'https://127.0.0.1:9743',
 # }
 # response = requests.get('https://www.taobao.com',proxies=proxies)
 # print(response.status_code)
 #代理有用户名和密码
 # proxies = {
 #     'http':'http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743/',
 # }
 # response = requests.get('https://www.taobao.com',proxies=proxies)
 # print(response.status_code)

 #超时设置
 # from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout
 # try:
 #     response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.5)
 #     print(response.status_code)
 # except ReadTimeout:
 #     print('TimeOut')

 #认证设置，需要用户名密码
 # from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
 #
 # r = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001',auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user','123'))
 # print(r.status_code)

 #异常处理
 from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestException,ConnectionError

 try:
     response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.1)
     print(response.status_code)
 except ReadTimeout:
     print('Timeout')
 except ConnectionError:
     print('Connect error')
 except HTTPError:
     print('Http error')
 except RequestException:
     print('Error')