整理：20个非常有用的Java程序片段

下面是20个非常有用的Java程序片段，希望能对你有用。

1. 字符串有整型的相互转换

String a = String.valueOf(2);   //integer to numeric string
int i = Integer.parseInt(a); //numeric string to an int

2. 向文件末尾添加内容

BufferedWriter out = null;
try {
    out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(”filename”, true));
    out.write(”aString”);
} catch (IOException e) {
    // error processing code
} finally {
    if (out != null) {
        out.close();
    }
}

3. 得到当前方法的名字

String methodName = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();

4. 转字符串到日期

java.util.Date = java.text.DateFormat.getDateInstance().parse(date String);

或者是：

SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat( "dd.MM.yyyy" );
Date date = format.parse( myString );

5. 使用JDBC链接Oracle

public class OracleJdbcTest
{
    String driverClass = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";  

    Connection con;  

    public void init(FileInputStream fs) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, IOException
    {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.load(fs);
        String url = props.getProperty("db.url");
        String userName = props.getProperty("db.user");
        String password = props.getProperty("db.password");
        Class.forName(driverClass);  

        con=DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);
    }  

    public void fetch() throws SQLException, IOException
    {
        PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("select SYSDATE from dual");
        ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();  

        while (rs.next())
        {
            // do the thing you do
        }
        rs.close();
        ps.close();
    }  

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        OracleJdbcTest test = new OracleJdbcTest();
        test.init();
        test.fetch();
    }
}

6. 把 Java util.Date 转成 sql.Date

java.util.Date utilDate = new java.util.Date();
java.sql.Date sqlDate = new java.sql.Date(utilDate.getTime());

7. 使用NIO进行快速的文件拷贝

public static void fileCopy( File in, File out )
            throws IOException
    {
        FileChannel inChannel = new FileInputStream( in ).getChannel();
        FileChannel outChannel = new FileOutputStream( out ).getChannel();
        try
        {
//          inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);      // original -- apparently has trouble copying large files on Windows  

            // magic number for Windows, 64Mb - 32Kb)
            int maxCount = (64 * 1024 * 1024) - (32 * 1024);
            long size = inChannel.size();
            long position = 0;
            while ( position < size )
            {
               position += inChannel.transferTo( position, maxCount, outChannel );
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            if ( inChannel != null )
            {
               inChannel.close();
            }
            if ( outChannel != null )
            {
                outChannel.close();
            }
        }
    }

8. 创建图片的缩略图

private void createThumbnail(String filename, int thumbWidth, int thumbHeight, int quality, String outFilename)
        throws InterruptedException, FileNotFoundException, IOException
    {
        // load image from filename
        Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(filename);
        MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(new Container());
        mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);
        mediaTracker.waitForID(0);
        // use this to test for errors at this point: System.out.println(mediaTracker.isErrorAny());  

        // determine thumbnail size from WIDTH and HEIGHT
        double thumbRatio = (double)thumbWidth / (double)thumbHeight;
        int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null);
        int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null);
        double imageRatio = (double)imageWidth / (double)imageHeight;
        if (thumbRatio < imageRatio) {
            thumbHeight = (int)(thumbWidth / imageRatio);
        } else {
            thumbWidth = (int)(thumbHeight * imageRatio);
        }  

        // draw original image to thumbnail image object and
        // scale it to the new size on-the-fly
        BufferedImage thumbImage = new BufferedImage(thumbWidth, thumbHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D graphics2D = thumbImage.createGraphics();
        graphics2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
        graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, null);  

        // save thumbnail image to outFilename
        BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outFilename));
        JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
        JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam(thumbImage);
        quality = Math.max(0, Math.min(quality, 100));
        param.setQuality((float)quality / 100.0f, false);
        encoder.setJPEGEncodeParam(param);
        encoder.encode(thumbImage);
        out.close();
    }

9. 创建 JSON 格式的数据

import org.json.JSONObject;
...
...
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("city", "Mumbai");
json.put("country", "India");
...
String output = json.toString();
...

10. 使用iText JAR生成PDF

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Date;  

import com.lowagie.text.Document;
import com.lowagie.text.Paragraph;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter;  

public class GeneratePDF {  

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            OutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(new File("C:\\Test.pdf"));  

            Document document = new Document();
            PdfWriter.getInstance(document, file);
            document.open();
            document.add(new Paragraph("Hello Kiran"));
            document.add(new Paragraph(new Date().toString()));  

            document.close();
            file.close();  

        } catch (Exception e) {  

            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

11. HTTP 代理设置

System.getProperties().put("http.proxyHost", "someProxyURL");
System.getProperties().put("http.proxyPort", "someProxyPort");
System.getProperties().put("http.proxyUser", "someUserName");
System.getProperties().put("http.proxyPassword", "somePassword");

12. 单实例Singleton 示例

public class SimpleSingleton {
    private static SimpleSingleton singleInstance =  new SimpleSingleton();  

    //Marking default constructor private
    //to avoid direct instantiation.
    private SimpleSingleton() {
    }  

    //Get instance for class SimpleSingleton
    public static SimpleSingleton getInstance() {  

        return singleInstance;
    }
}

另一种实现

public enum SimpleSingleton {
    INSTANCE;
    public void doSomething() {
    }
}  

//Call the method from Singleton:
SimpleSingleton.INSTANCE.doSomething();

13. 抓屏程序

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.io.File;  

...  

public void captureScreen(String fileName) throws Exception {  

   Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
   Rectangle screenRectangle = new Rectangle(screenSize);
   Robot robot = new Robot();
   BufferedImage image = robot.createScreenCapture(screenRectangle);
   ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File(fileName));  

}
...

14. 列出文件和目录

File dir = new File("directoryName");
  String[] children = dir.list();
  if (children == null) {
      // Either dir does not exist or is not a directory
  } else {
      for (int i=0; i < children.length; i++) {
          // Get filename of file or directory
          String filename = children[i];
      }
  }  

  // It is also possible to filter the list of returned files.
  // This example does not return any files that start with `.'.
  FilenameFilter filter = new FilenameFilter() {
      public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
          return !name.startsWith(".");
      }
  };
  children = dir.list(filter);  

  // The list of files can also be retrieved as File objects
  File[] files = dir.listFiles();  

  // This filter only returns directories
  FileFilter fileFilter = new FileFilter() {
      public boolean accept(File file) {
          return file.isDirectory();
      }
  };
  files = dir.listFiles(fileFilter);

15. 创建ZIP和JAR文件

import java.util.zip.*;
import java.io.*;  

public class ZipIt {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        if (args.length < 2) {
            System.err.println("usage: java ZipIt Zip.zip file1 file2 file3");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        File zipFile = new File(args[0]);
        if (zipFile.exists()) {
            System.err.println("Zip file already exists, please try another");
            System.exit(-2);
        }
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(zipFile);
        ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(fos);
        int bytesRead;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        CRC32 crc = new CRC32();
        for (int i=1, n=args.length; i < n; i++) {
            String name = args[i];
            File file = new File(name);
            if (!file.exists()) {
                System.err.println("Skipping: " + name);
                continue;
            }
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(file));
            crc.reset();
            while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                crc.update(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            }
            bis.close();
            // Reset to beginning of input stream
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(file));
            ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(name);
            entry.setMethod(ZipEntry.STORED);
            entry.setCompressedSize(file.length());
            entry.setSize(file.length());
            entry.setCrc(crc.getValue());
            zos.putNextEntry(entry);
            while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                zos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            }
            bis.close();
        }
        zos.close();
    }
}

16. 解析/读取XML 文件

XML文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<students>
    <student>
        <name>John</name>
        <grade>B</grade>
        <age>12</age>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>Mary</name>
        <grade>A</grade>
        <age>11</age>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>Simon</name>
        <grade>A</grade>
        <age>18</age>
    </student>
</students>

Java代码

package net.viralpatel.java.xmlparser;  

import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;  

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;  

public class XMLParser {  

    public void getAllUserNames(String fileName) {
        try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            File file = new File(fileName);
            if (file.exists()) {
                Document doc = db.parse(file);
                Element docEle = doc.getDocumentElement();  

                // Print root element of the document
                System.out.println("Root element of the document: "
                        + docEle.getNodeName());  

                NodeList studentList = docEle.getElementsByTagName("student");  

                // Print total student elements in document
                System.out
                        .println("Total students: " + studentList.getLength());  

                if (studentList != null && studentList.getLength() > 0) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < studentList.getLength(); i++) {  

                        Node node = studentList.item(i);  

                        if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {  

                            System.out
                                    .println("=====================");  

                            Element e = (Element) node;
                            NodeList nodeList = e.getElementsByTagName("name");
                            System.out.println("Name: "
                                    + nodeList.item(0).getChildNodes().item(0)
                                            .getNodeValue());  

                            nodeList = e.getElementsByTagName("grade");
                            System.out.println("Grade: "
                                    + nodeList.item(0).getChildNodes().item(0)
                                            .getNodeValue());  

                            nodeList = e.getElementsByTagName("age");
                            System.out.println("Age: "
                                    + nodeList.item(0).getChildNodes().item(0)
                                            .getNodeValue());
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    System.exit(1);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {  

        XMLParser parser = new XMLParser();
        parser.getAllUserNames("c:\\test.xml");
    }
}

17. 把 Array 转换成 Map 

import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;  

public class Main {  

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String[][] countries = { { "United States", "New York" }, { "United Kingdom", "London" },
        { "Netherland", "Amsterdam" }, { "Japan", "Tokyo" }, { "France", "Paris" } };  

    Map countryCapitals = ArrayUtils.toMap(countries);  

    System.out.println("Capital of Japan is " + countryCapitals.get("Japan"));
    System.out.println("Capital of France is " + countryCapitals.get("France"));
  }
}

18. 发送邮件

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.util.*;  

public void postMail( String recipients[ ], String subject, String message , String from) throws MessagingException
{
    boolean debug = false;  

     //Set the host smtp address
     Properties props = new Properties();
     props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.example.com");  

    // create some properties and get the default Session
    Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
    session.setDebug(debug);  

    // create a message
    Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);  

    // set the from and to address
    InternetAddress addressFrom = new InternetAddress(from);
    msg.setFrom(addressFrom);  

    InternetAddress[] addressTo = new InternetAddress[recipients.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++)
    {
        addressTo[i] = new InternetAddress(recipients[i]);
    }
    msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, addressTo);  

    // Optional : You can also set your custom headers in the Email if you Want
    msg.addHeader("MyHeaderName", "myHeaderValue");  

    // Setting the Subject and Content Type
    msg.setSubject(subject);
    msg.setContent(message, "text/plain");
    Transport.send(msg);
}

19. 发送代数据的HTTP 请求

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;  

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args)  {
        try {
            URL my_url = new URL("http://coolshell.cn/");
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(my_url.openStream()));
            String strTemp = "";
            while(null != (strTemp = br.readLine())){
            System.out.println(strTemp);
        }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

20. 改变数组的大小

/**
* Reallocates an array with a new size, and copies the contents
* of the old array to the new array.
* @param oldArray  the old array, to be reallocated.
* @param newSize   the new array size.
* @return          A new array with the same contents.
*/
private static Object resizeArray (Object oldArray, int newSize) {
   int oldSize = java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(oldArray);
   Class elementType = oldArray.getClass().getComponentType();
   Object newArray = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(
         elementType,newSize);
   int preserveLength = Math.min(oldSize,newSize);
   if (preserveLength > 0)
      System.arraycopy (oldArray,0,newArray,0,preserveLength);
   return newArray;
}  

// Test routine for resizeArray().
public static void main (String[] args) {
   int[] a = {1,2,3};
   a = (int[])resizeArray(a,5);
   a[3] = 4;
   a[4] = 5;
   for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
      System.out.println (a[i]);
}