Helm实战案例二：在Kubernetes(k8s)上使用helm安装部署日志管理系统EFK
目录
一.系统环境
本文主要基于Kubernetes1.21.9和Linux操作系统CentOS7.4。
| 服务器版本 | EFK版本 | docker软件版本 | Kubernetes(k8s)集群版本 | CPU架构 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) | 7.9.1 | Docker version 20.10.12 | v1.21.9 | x86_64 |
Kubernetes集群架构：k8scloude1作为master节点，k8scloude2，k8scloude3作为worker节点。
| 服务器 | 操作系统版本 | CPU架构 | 进程 | 功能描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| k8scloude1/192.168.110.130 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) | x86_64 | docker，kube-apiserver，etcd，kube-scheduler，kube-controller-manager，kubelet，kube-proxy，coredns，calico | k8s master节点 |
| k8scloude2/192.168.110.129 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) | x86_64 | docker，kubelet，kube-proxy，calico | k8s worker节点 |
| k8scloude3/192.168.110.128 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) | x86_64 | docker，kubelet，kube-proxy，calico | k8s worker节点 |
二.前言
随着应用程序数量和规模的增长，日志管理变得越来越重要。日志管理系统可以帮助我们收集、存储、分析和可视化日志数据，以便快速诊断问题、监控性能等。在Kubernetes上部署一个可靠的日志管理系统是非常必要的。
在Kubernetes(k8s)上使用helm安装部署日志管理系统EFK的前提是已经有一套可以正常运行的Kubernetes集群，关于Kubernetes(k8s)集群的安装部署，可以查看博客《Centos7 安装部署Kubernetes(k8s)集群》https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/16686769.html。
三.日志管理系统EFK简介
EFK是Elasticsearch、Fluentd和Kibana的缩写，它们都是开源软件。这三个软件组合在一起可以形成一个完整的日志管理系统，其中：
- Elasticsearch：用于存储、索引和搜索大量的结构化和非结构化数据。
- Fluentd：用于采集、转换和发送日志数据到Elasticsearch。
- Kibana：用于可视化和分析从Elasticsearch中检索到的数据。
EFK具有以下优点：
- 开源且免费。
- 扩展性好，可以处理大量的日志数据。
- 支持自定义插件，可以方便地进行扩展和定制。
- 支持实时查询和分析，可以快速诊断和解决问题。
- 支持多种数据可视化方式，例如柱状图、折线图等。
日志管理系统EFK架构如下：
除了EFK，你肯定还听说过ELK，ELK是Elasticsearch、Logstash和Kibana的缩写，它们也都是开源软件。和EFK类似，ELK也可以形成一个完整的日志管理系统，其中：
- Elasticsearch：用于存储、索引和搜索大量的结构化和非结构化数据。
- Logstash：用于采集、转换和发送日志数据到Elasticsearch。
- Kibana：用于可视化和分析从Elasticsearch中检索到的数据。
EFK和ELK的主要区别在于：
- Fluentd相对于Logstash更加轻量级，而且具有更好的性能。
- Elasticsearch相对于Logstash更加强大，可以自行处理数据采集和转换的任务，因此不需要使用Logstash。
- EFK更加灵活和易于扩展，支持自定义插件，可以方便地进行定制和扩展。
四.helm安装EFK
本文将介绍如何使用Helm在Kubernetes上部署一个日志管理系统EFK。关于helm的详细用法可以查看博客《Kubernetes(k8s)包管理工具Helm：Helm包管理》。
现在没有应用被安装。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm ls
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
添加EFK官方 helm 源。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm repo add elastic https://helm.elastic.co
"elastic" has been added to your repositories
查看helm现在的仓库源。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm repo list
NAME URL
azure http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/
ali https://apphub.aliyuncs.com
myhelmrepo http://192.168.110.129/mycharts
elastic https://helm.elastic.co
在kubernetes集群的所有节点，创建存放EFK文件的目录。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# mkdir efk
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cd efk/
[root@k8scloude2 ~]# mkdir efk
[root@k8scloude2 ~]# cd efk/
[root@k8scloude3 ~]# mkdir efk
[root@k8scloude3 ~]# cd efk/
4.1 helm在线安装EFK
查询helm仓库里所有可得的elasticsearch。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm search repo elasticsearch
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
ali/elasticsearch 11.0.4 7.6.0 A highly scalable open-source full-text search ...
......
azure/fluentd-elasticsearch 2.0.7 2.3.2 DEPRECATED! - A Fluentd Helm chart for Kubernet...
elastic/elasticsearch 7.16.3 7.16.3 Official Elastic helm chart for Elasticsearch
ali/apm-server 2.1.5 7.0.0 The server receives data from the Elastic APM a...
ali/dmarc2logstash 1.2.0 1.0.3 Provides a POP3-polled DMARC XML report injecto...
......
elastic/eck-operator 2.0.0 2.0.0 A Helm chart for deploying the Elastic Cloud on...
elastic/eck-operator-crds 2.0.0 2.0.0 A Helm chart for installing the ECK operator Cu...
下载elasticsearch7.16.3版本，--version=7.16.3 指定下载的版本。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm pull elastic/elasticsearch --version=7.16.3
下载elasticsearch7.9.1版本。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm pull elastic/elasticsearch --version=7.9.1
现在两个不同版本的包已经下载下来了。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ls elasticsearch-7.*
elasticsearch-7.16.3.tgz elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz
解压。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# tar xf elasticsearch-7.16.3.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cd elasticsearch/
可以查看版本号。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# ls
Chart.yaml examples Makefile README.md templates values.yaml
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# cat Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v1
appVersion: 7.16.3
description: Official Elastic helm chart for Elasticsearch
home: https://github.com/elastic/helm-charts
icon: https://helm.elastic.co/icons/elasticsearch.png
maintainers:
- email: helm-charts@elastic.co
name: Elastic
name: elasticsearch
sources:
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch
version: 7.16.3
可以对应的修改values.yaml文件，进行配置。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# vim values.yaml
安装elasticsearch。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm install elasticsearch elasticsearch
类似的，像这样安装Fluentd和Kibana即可。
4.2 helm离线安装EFK(推荐)
因为EFK所需的镜像都比较大，所以提前把EFK的镜像包，helm包都下载好，使用的是7.9.1版本，tar是镜像包，tgz是helm包。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elastic7.9.1.tar elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat7.9.1.tar filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana7.9.1.tar kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat7.9.1.tar metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
把EFK镜像包传到其他worker节点，需要加载镜像。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# scp elastic7.9.1.tar filebeat7.9.1.tar kibana7.9.1.tar metricbeat7.9.1.tar k8scloude2:/root/efk/
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# scp elastic7.9.1.tar filebeat7.9.1.tar kibana7.9.1.tar metricbeat7.9.1.tar k8scloude3:/root/efk/
接下来加载EFK镜像，所有节点都操作。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# for i in elastic7.9.1.tar ; do docker load -i elastic7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i filebeat7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i kibana7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i metricbeat7.9.1.tar ; done
613be09ab3c0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 211.1MB/211.1MB
......
13cbc7f1710b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 496.1kB/496.1kB
Loaded image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.9.1
5f5944cf8fa3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 23.96MB/23.96MB
......
00b987e8c2be: Loading layer [==================================================>] 374.8kB/374.8kB
Loaded image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:7.9.1
d81c06fbe333: Loading layer [==================================================>] 31.33MB/31.33MB
......
e2e362ce9c59: Loading layer [==================================================>] 374.8kB/374.8kB
Loaded image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.9.1
6f13949e424b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 138.9MB/138.9MB
......
29e2f99d88c3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 374.8kB/374.8kB
Loaded image: docker.elastic.co/beats/metricbeat:7.9.1
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# docker images | egrep "elastic|filebeat|kibana|metricbeat"
docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana 7.9.1 2f79360c362e 17 months ago 1.18GB
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 7.9.1 22008d6d4b2d 17 months ago 762MB
docker.elastic.co/beats/metricbeat 7.9.1 0a9e2b2ee772 17 months ago 505MB
docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat 7.9.1 a48d035fe91b 17 months ago 449MB
[root@k8scloude2 efk]# for i in elastic7.9.1.tar ; do docker load -i elastic7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i filebeat7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i kibana7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i metricbeat7.9.1.tar ; done
[root@k8scloude2 efk]# docker images | egrep "elastic|filebeat|kibana|metricbeat"
docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana 7.9.1 2f79360c362e 17 months ago 1.18GB
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 7.9.1 22008d6d4b2d 17 months ago 762MB
docker.elastic.co/beats/metricbeat 7.9.1 0a9e2b2ee772 17 months ago 505MB
docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat 7.9.1 a48d035fe91b 17 months ago 449MB
[root@k8scloude3 efk]# for i in elastic7.9.1.tar ; do docker load -i elastic7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i filebeat7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i kibana7.9.1.tar ; docker load -i metricbeat7.9.1.tar ; done
[root@k8scloude3 efk]# docker images | egrep "elastic|filebeat|kibana|metricbeat"
docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana 7.9.1 2f79360c362e 17 months ago 1.18GB
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 7.9.1 22008d6d4b2d 17 months ago 762MB
docker.elastic.co/beats/metricbeat 7.9.1 0a9e2b2ee772 17 months ago 505MB
docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat 7.9.1 a48d035fe91b 17 months ago 449MB
已经提前把所有的EFK helm包都下载好了。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
解压elasticsearch。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# tar xf elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# cd elasticsearch/
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# ls
Chart.yaml examples Makefile README.md templates values.yaml
修改elasticsearch的values.yaml配置文件。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# vim values.yaml
/*
#elasticsearch/values.yaml文件修改内容如下
#因为我们k8s集群只有两个worker节点 ，所以副本数修改为2
replicas: 2
#一个master节点
minimumMasterNodes: 1
#去除持久性储存
volumes:
- secret
- configMap
# - persistentVolumeClaim
persistence:
enabled: false
*/
所需镜像版本要修改和自己下载的版本一致。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# grep image values.yaml
image: "docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch"
imageTag: "7.9.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
安装elasticsearch。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# helm install elasticsearch .
W0317 11:09:06.285376 35427 warnings.go:70] policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
W0317 11:09:06.322279 35427 warnings.go:70] policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
NAME: elasticsearch
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Mar 17 11:09:05 2022
NAMESPACE: helm
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
1. Watch all cluster members come up.
$ kubectl get pods --namespace=helm -l app=elasticsearch-master -w
2. Test cluster health using Helm test.
$ helm test elasticsearch --cleanup
elasticsearch已经安装好了。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# helm ls
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
elasticsearch helm 1 2022-03-17 11:09:05.996472752 +0800 CST deployed elasticsearch-7.9.1 7.9.1
查看pod，对应的pod也启动起来了。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
elasticsearch-master-0 1/1 Running 0 3m52s
elasticsearch-master-1 1/1 Running 0 3m52s
接下来安装filebeat，解压filebeat。
[root@k8scloude1 elasticsearch]# cd ../
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# pwd
/root/efk
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# tar xf filebeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
所需镜像版本要修改一致，filebeat/values.yaml 文件除了镜像版本，其他的不需要修改。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# cd filebeat/
[root@k8scloude1 filebeat]# ls
Chart.yaml examples Makefile README.md templates values.yaml
[root@k8scloude1 filebeat]# grep image values.yaml
# image: busybox
# image: busybox
image: "docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat"
imageTag: "7.9.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
imagePullSecrets: []
安装filebeat。
[root@k8scloude1 filebeat]# cd ../
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# helm install filebeat filebeat
W0317 11:18:05.080789 42502 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 11:18:05.082311 42502 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 11:18:05.120788 42502 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 11:18:05.126392 42502 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
NAME: filebeat
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Mar 17 11:18:04 2022
NAMESPACE: helm
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
1. Watch all containers come up.
$ kubectl get pods --namespace=helm -l app=filebeat-filebeat -w
filebeat的pod也启动起来了。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
elasticsearch-master-0 1/1 Running 0 18m 10.244.112.159 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
elasticsearch-master-1 1/1 Running 0 18m 10.244.251.246 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-5wl4j 1/1 Running 0 9m57s 10.244.112.161 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-lkxxc 1/1 Running 0 9m57s 10.244.251.247 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
解压metricbeat。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# tar xf metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
修改values.yaml文件，所需镜像版本要修改一致。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# cd metricbeat/
[root@k8scloude1 metricbeat]# ls
charts Chart.yaml examples Makefile README.md requirements.lock requirements.yaml templates values.yaml
[root@k8scloude1 metricbeat]# grep image values.yaml
# - Filesystem group for the metricbeat user. The official elastic docker images always have an id of 1000.
# image: busybox
# image: busybox
image: "docker.elastic.co/beats/metricbeat"
imageTag: "7.9.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
imagePullSecrets: []
安装metricbeat。
[root@k8scloude1 metricbeat]# cd ../
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
#安装metricbeat
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# helm install metricbeat metricbeat
W0317 11:31:18.599946 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 11:31:18.601822 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 11:31:18.603664 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 11:31:18.605592 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 11:31:18.661010 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 11:31:18.661128 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 11:31:18.669323 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 11:31:18.671969 52640 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
NAME: metricbeat
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Mar 17 11:31:18 2022
NAMESPACE: helm
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
1. Watch all containers come up.
$ kubectl get pods --namespace=helm -l app=metricbeat-metricbeat -w
metricbeat的pod启动起来了。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
elasticsearch-master-0 1/1 Running 0 23m 10.244.112.159 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
elasticsearch-master-1 1/1 Running 0 23m 10.244.251.246 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-5wl4j 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.112.161 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-lkxxc 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.251.247 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-kube-state-metrics-75c5fc65d9-jcwz2 1/1 Running 0 55s 10.244.251.216 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-metrics-7c5cd7d77f-tr4r4 1/1 Running 0 55s 10.244.112.166 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-n62rf 1/1 Running 0 55s 10.244.251.245 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-w9m4j 1/1 Running 0 55s 10.244.112.157 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
解压kibana。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# tar xf kibana-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
把kibana/values.yaml里镜像版本修改一致。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# grep image kibana/values.yaml
image: "docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana"
imageTag: "7.9.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
# image: busybox
# image: busybox
imagePullSecrets: []
kibana/values.yaml里，service服务的类型为ClusterIP，外界访问不了kibana的web界面，为了方便访问kibana，修改服务的发布类型为NodePort ，修改之后如下：
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# vim kibana/values.yaml
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# egrep -A10 'service:' kibana/values.yaml
service:
type: NodePort
loadBalancerIP: ""
port: 5601
nodePort: ""
labels: {}
annotations: {}
# cloud.google.com/load-balancer-type: "Internal"
# service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-internal: 0.0.0.0/0
# service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true"
# service.beta.kubernetes.io/openstack-internal-load-balancer: "true"
安装kibana。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# ls
elasticsearch elasticsearch-7.9.1.tgz filebeat filebeat-7.9.1.tgz kibana kibana-7.9.1.tgz metricbeat metricbeat-7.9.1.tgz
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# helm install kibana kibana
NAME: kibana
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Mar 17 11:41:50 2022
NAMESPACE: helm
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
查看pod，此时发现kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk一直处于Pending状态。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
elasticsearch-master-0 1/1 Running 0 33m 10.244.112.159 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
elasticsearch-master-1 1/1 Running 0 33m 10.244.251.246 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-5wl4j 1/1 Running 0 24m 10.244.112.161 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-lkxxc 1/1 Running 0 24m 10.244.251.247 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk 0/1 Pending 0 64s <none> <none> <none> <none>
metricbeat-kube-state-metrics-75c5fc65d9-jcwz2 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.251.216 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-metrics-7c5cd7d77f-tr4r4 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.112.166 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-n62rf 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.251.245 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-w9m4j 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.112.157 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
查找问题原因，发现两个原因：
- 原因1是：1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master，k8s集群的master节点默认有污点，不能把pod调度到master上；
- 原因2是：2 Insufficient cpu, 2 Insufficient memory. 说明内存CPU不够了。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl describe pod kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk -n helm
Name: kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk
Namespace: helm
Priority: 0
Node: <none>
......
ConfigMapOptional: <nil>
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: Guaranteed
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Warning FailedScheduling 7m37s default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient cpu, 2 Insufficient memory.
Warning FailedScheduling 7m35s default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient cpu, 2 Insufficient memory.
对于node-role.kubernetes.io/master是污点这个问题，可以把污点去除，使pod能调度到master上，生产环境不推荐这么做，我这里机器配置不多就可以去除master上的污点。关于污点更详细内容请查看博客《pod(九)：污点taint 与容忍度tolerations》。
查看所有的污点。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get node -o yaml | grep taint -A 5
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
status:
addresses:
- address: 192.168.110.130
--
taint: T
name: k8scloude2
resourceVersion: "2653824"
selfLink: /api/v1/nodes/k8scloude2
uid: 618e3885-9918-4c29-b94c-1e074d40fa97
spec:
清除master的污点。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
node/k8scloude1 untainted
taint "node-role.kubernetes.io/master" not found
taint "node-role.kubernetes.io/master" not found
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get node -o yaml | grep taint -A 5
taint: T
name: k8scloude2
resourceVersion: "2654290"
selfLink: /api/v1/nodes/k8scloude2
uid: 618e3885-9918-4c29-b94c-1e074d40fa97
spec:
再次查看kibana的pod描述信息，发现污点已经不报错了，现在只剩内存CPU不足报错：2 Insufficient memory, 3 Insufficient cpu。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl describe pod kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk -n helm
Name: kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk
Namespace: helm
Priority: 0
Node: <none>
......
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: Guaranteed
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Warning FailedScheduling 21m default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient cpu, 2 Insufficient memory.
Warning FailedScheduling 21m default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient cpu, 2 Insufficient memory.
Warning FailedScheduling 29s default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 2 Insufficient memory, 3 Insufficient cpu.
查看k8s的负载。
[root@k8scloude1 efk]# kubectl top nodes
W0317 12:23:49.197137 107750 top_node.go:119] Using json format to get metrics. Next release will switch to protocol-buffers, switch early by passing --use-protocol-buffers flag
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
k8scloude1 251m 12% 1717Mi 52%
k8scloude2 236m 11% 2485Mi 76%
k8scloude3 206m 10% 2535Mi 78%
CPU内存不足，最直接的解决办法就是机器加CPU和内存，还可以修改values.yaml 里的资源需求,我把EFK里的所有资源需求都列出来了。
/*
elasticsearch 资源要求
resources:
requests:
cpu: "1000m"
memory: "2Gi"
limits:
cpu: "1000m"
memory: "2Gi"
filebeat 资源要求
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "100Mi"
limits:
cpu: "1000m"
memory: "200Mi"
kibana资源要求
resources:
requests:
cpu: "1000m"
memory: "2Gi"
limits:
cpu: "1000m"
memory: "2Gi"
metricbeat 资源要求
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "100Mi"
limits:
cpu: "1000m"
memory: "200Mi"
tolerations: []
*/
我选择直接添加CPU和内存，重启机器添加CPU和内存之后，查看pod，可以看到EFK的pod都慢慢启动了。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
elasticsearch-master-0 0/1 Running 1 4h13m 10.244.112.165 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
elasticsearch-master-1 0/1 Running 1 4h13m 10.244.251.244 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-4gqpl 0/1 Running 1 3h21m 10.244.158.83 k8scloude1 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-5wl4j 0/1 Running 1 4h4m 10.244.112.164 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-lkxxc 0/1 Running 1 4h4m 10.244.251.243 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk 0/1 Running 0 3h40m 10.244.158.82 k8scloude1 <none> <none>
metricbeat-kube-state-metrics-75c5fc65d9-jcwz2 1/1 Running 1 3h51m 10.244.251.215 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-metrics-7c5cd7d77f-tr4r4 0/1 Running 1 3h51m 10.244.112.162 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-n62rf 0/1 Running 1 3h51m 10.244.251.252 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-nsxwc 0/1 Running 1 3h21m 10.244.158.79 k8scloude1 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-w9m4j 0/1 Running 1 3h51m 10.244.112.163 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
继续查看kibana的描述信息，查看pod的最新时间，可以看到kibana容器创建成功了，最新的告警Readiness probe failed: Error: Got HTTP code 000 but expected a 200，这是readiness probe探测警告，这个不影响，关于livenessprobe探测和readinessprobe探测详细内容，请查看博客《Kubernetes(k8s)健康性检查：livenessprobe探测和readinessprobe探测》。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl describe pod kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk -n helm
Name: kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk
Namespace: helm
Priority: 0
Node: k8scloude1/192.168.110.130
Start Time: Thu, 17 Mar 2022 15:22:01 +0800
.....
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Warning FailedScheduling 3h24m default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 2 Insufficient memory, 3 Insufficient cpu.
Normal Scheduled 5m21s default-scheduler Successfully assigned helm/kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk to k8scloude1
Normal Pulled 5m19s kubelet Container image "docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.9.1" already present on machine
Normal Created 5m19s kubelet Created container kibana
Normal Started 5m19s kubelet Started container kibana
Warning Unhealthy 91s (x22 over 5m1s) kubelet Readiness probe failed: Error: Got HTTP code 000 but expected a 200
现在所有的EFK pod都正常工作了。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
elasticsearch-master-0 1/1 Running 1 4h18m 10.244.112.165 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
elasticsearch-master-1 1/1 Running 1 4h18m 10.244.251.244 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-4gqpl 1/1 Running 1 3h26m 10.244.158.83 k8scloude1 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-5wl4j 1/1 Running 1 4h9m 10.244.112.164 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
filebeat-filebeat-lkxxc 1/1 Running 1 4h9m 10.244.251.243 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
kibana-kibana-f88767f86-x4xpk 1/1 Running 0 3h46m 10.244.158.82 k8scloude1 <none> <none>
metricbeat-kube-state-metrics-75c5fc65d9-jcwz2 1/1 Running 1 3h56m 10.244.251.215 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-metrics-7c5cd7d77f-tr4r4 1/1 Running 1 3h56m 10.244.112.162 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-n62rf 1/1 Running 1 3h56m 10.244.251.252 k8scloude3 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-nsxwc 1/1 Running 1 3h26m 10.244.158.79 k8scloude1 <none> <none>
metricbeat-metricbeat-w9m4j 1/1 Running 1 3h56m 10.244.112.163 k8scloude2 <none> <none>
查看svc，kibana的外部访问端口是32053。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
elasticsearch-master ClusterIP 10.101.55.37 <none> 9200/TCP,9300/TCP 4h19m
elasticsearch-master-headless ClusterIP None <none> 9200/TCP,9300/TCP 4h19m
kibana-kibana NodePort 10.103.1.29 <none> 5601:32053/TCP 3h46m
metricbeat-kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.101.50.89 <none> 8080/TCP 3h57m
五.访问kibana
浏览器访问 http://192.168.110.130:32053/即可查看kibana的web界面。选择Explore on my own导入我们的数据。
kibana首页如下：
5.1 数据分片
下面进行数据分片，选择Home-->Discover。
点击Create index pattern。
如下为Create index pattern界面。
能看到如下四个index说明EFK环境没问题。
选择filebeat，点击下一步。
创建索引分区。
下面是filebeat*的所有字段。
再次点击Home-->Discover。
现在就可以看到日志了。
继续Create index pattern。
使用相同的方法创建index，选择metricbeat*。
点击Create index pattern。
metricbeat*的字段如下。
index patterns默认是filebeat*。
点击Discover。
可以切换查看不同的分区，右边显示的是对应的日志。
自此EFK搭建完毕。
六.卸载EFK
查看helm安装的应用。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm ls
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
elasticsearch helm 1 2022-03-17 11:09:05.996472752 +0800 CST deployed elasticsearch-7.9.1 7.9.1
filebeat helm 1 2022-03-17 11:18:04.921145429 +0800 CST deployed filebeat-7.9.1 7.9.1
kibana helm 1 2022-03-17 11:41:50.305787166 +0800 CST deployed kibana-7.9.1 7.9.1
metricbeat helm 1 2022-03-17 11:31:18.353579301 +0800 CST deployed metricbeat-7.9.1 7.9.1
helm删除EFK。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm delete elasticsearch
W0317 16:06:49.291827 76335 warnings.go:70] policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
release "elasticsearch" uninstalled
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm delete filebeat
W0317 16:07:01.497539 76726 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 16:07:01.507858 76726 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
release "filebeat" uninstalled
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm delete kibana
release "kibana" uninstalled
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm delete metricbeat
W0317 16:07:14.955659 77279 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 16:07:14.955676 77279 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRoleBinding is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRoleBinding
W0317 16:07:15.014182 77279 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
W0317 16:07:15.014449 77279 warnings.go:70] rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 ClusterRole is deprecated in v1.17+, unavailable in v1.22+; use rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 ClusterRole
release "metricbeat" uninstalled
删除EFK之后，对应的pod和svc都被删除了。
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# helm ls
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get pod
No resources found in helm namespace.
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get svc
No resources found in helm namespace.
七.总结
通过本文，我们学会了如何使用Helm在Kubernetes上部署一个日志管理系统EFK。我们使用Helm安装了Elasticsearch、Fluentd和Kibana，访问了Kibana的Web界面，进行数据分片，最后看到了源源不断的日志。
本文给出的例子仅仅是EFK日志管理系统的一个基本配置，实际上可以根据需求进行进一步的定制和扩展。例如，需要更高级的数据可视化功能，可以将Grafana集成到EFK日志管理系统中；另外，在部署EFK时需要注意一些安全性问题，比如需要在Elasticsearch中设置访问控制等。
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