描述

Suppose a sorted array is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.

(i.e., 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 might become 4 5 6 7 0 1 2).

You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.

You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.

分析

这道题目不难,主要是性能问题。常规解法如下:

class Solution{
public:
int search(int A[],int n,int target){
for(int i = 0; i != n; ++i){
if(A[i] == target) //if found
return i; //return its index
}
return -1; //otherwise return -1
}
}

该算法时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为O(1)


事实上用二分查找算法会获得更好的性能。

由于本题的有序数组是经过“旋转”的,因此只是部分有序。

以题目所给数组为例,[4 5 6 7 0 1 2]在经过旋转后,整个数组变得无序,但是0两侧的部分数组是有序的。根据二分算法的思想,进行查找的步骤如下:

  • 若A[first] < A[mid],则说明[first,mid)这个区间是有序的,再在这个区间内进行二分查找:

    若A[first] <= target 并且target < A[mid] ,则target必在此有序区间中,修改last的值为mid;

    否则,说明target在另一半区间(可能是无序的),修改first的值为mid+1;

  • 若A[first] >= A[mid],则说明该区间无序(那么另一区间是有序的),同样在这个区间进行二分查找:

    若A[mid] < target 并且 target <= A[last - 1],则说明target在另一半有序区间中,修改first的值为mid+1(注意这一步,比较的是另一半有序区间);

    否则,说明target在本区间(是无序的),修改last的值为mid;

  • 重复以上过程,直到找到target或遍历结束(first == last);若遍历结束仍未找到,返回-1,否则,返回mid。

该算法的重点在于,必须要对两个区间分别进行查找,并且只在有序区间对target进行二分查找(旋转过后必然会有一区间有序,一区间无序,而不可能同时无序),target要么在有序的一部分,要么在无序的一部分,要么不存在。且若能找到target,必然会是mid的下标

class Solution{
public:
int search(int A[],int n,int target){
int search(int A[],int n,int target){
int first = 0,last = n;
int mid = (first + last) / 2;
while(first != last){
if(A[mid] == target) //if found,the target value's index must be mid
return mid;
if(A[first] < A[mid]){ //if ordered
if(A[first] <= target && target < A[mid]) //if target is in [first,mid)
last = mid;
else //if not
first = mid + 1;
}else{ //if unordered
if(A[mid] <= target && target < A[last - 1]) //if in [mid,last-1)
first = mid + 1;
else //otherwise
last = mid;
}
}
return -1; //if not found,return -1
}
}
}

该算法时间复杂度为

O(log_2n)

空间复杂度为O(1)

(题目没有说明该数组是递增有序还是递减有序,真奇怪。这里默认递增。)

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