【ASP.NET Core分布式项目实战】（五）Docker制作dotnet core控制台程序镜像

Docker制作dotnet core控制台程序镜像

基于dotnet SDK

1. 新建控制台程序

   mkdir /home/console
   cd /home/console
   dotnet new console
   dotnet restore

2. 创建 Dockerfile 文件，参考https://github.com/dotnet/dotnet-docker/blob/master/samples/aspnetapp/Dockerfile

   vim /home/console/Dockerfile
   
   # ------
   
   FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:2.2 AS build
   WORKDIR /app
   
   COPY . /app
   
   RUN dotnet run

3. 构建镜像

   docker build -t wyt/console:dev .

4. 运行容器

   dotnet run --name console-dev wyt/console

基于dotnet Runtime

1. 新建控制台程序

   mkdir /home/console
   cd /home/console
   dotnet new console
   dotnet restore

   using System;
   using System.Threading;
   
   namespace console
   {
       class Program
       {
           static void Main(string[] args)
           {
               Console.WriteLine("Hello World from docker!");
   
               Thread.Sleep(Timeout.Infinite);
           }
       }
   }

2. 创建 Dockerfile 文件

   FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:2.2 AS build
   WORKDIR /code
   
   COPY *.csproj /code
   RUN dotnet restore
   
   COPY . /code
   RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
   
   FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:2.2 AS runtime
   WORKDIR /app
   COPY --from=build /code/out /app
   ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "console.dll"]

3. 构建镜像

   docker build -t wyt/console:prod .

4. 运行容器

   docker run --name=console-prod wyt/console:prod

镜像大小对比

docker images
REPOSITORY                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
wyt/console                            prod                d2c683338197         minutes ago       260MB
wyt/console                            dev                 93b346366bc5         minutes ago      .74GB
mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk      2.2                 155911c343f3         days ago         .74GB
mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet   2.2                 c56aab97bc42         days ago         260MB

Mysql EF Core 快速构建 web api

1. 新建文件夹beta，创建WebAPI项目User.API，添加EFCore引用

   Install-Package MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore

2. 新建文件夹Data、Models 
   新建 AppUser.cs 

   namespace User.API.Models
   {
       public class AppUser
       {
           public int Id { get; set; }
           public string Name { get; set; }
           public string Company { get; set; }
           public string Title { get; set; }
       }
   }

   新建 UserContext.cs

   namespace User.API.Data
   {
       public class UserContext:DbContext
       {
           public UserContext(DbContextOptions<UserContext> options) : base(options)
           { }
   
           public DbSet<AppUser> Users { get; set; }
   
           protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
           {
               modelBuilder.Entity<AppUser>().ToTable(nameof(Users)).HasKey(t => t.Id);
   
               base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
           }
       }
   }

3. 修改 Startup.cs 

   namespace User.API
   {
       public class Startup
       {
           public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
           {
               Configuration = configuration;
           }
   
           public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
   
           // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
           public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
           {
               services.AddDbContext<UserContext>(options =>
               {
                   options.UseMySQL(Configuration.GetConnectionString("MysqlUser"));
               });
   
               services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
           }
   
           // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
           public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
           {
               if (env.IsDevelopment())
               {
                   app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
               }
   
               app.UseMvc();
   
               InitDatabase(app);
           }
   
           public void InitDatabase(IApplicationBuilder app)
           {
               using (var scope=app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope())
               {
                   var userContext = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<UserContext>();
                   //userContext.Database.Migrate();
                   if (userContext.Users.Count()==)
                   {
                       userContext.Users.Add(new AppUser()
                       {
                           Name = "wyt"
                       });
                       userContext.SaveChanges();
                   }
               }
           }
       }
   }

4. 修改 appsettings.json 添加数据库配置

   "ConnectionStrings": {
     "MysqlUser": "Server=192.168.103.240;Port=3306;Database=beta_user;Uid=root;Pwd=pwd123456"
   }

5. 生成数据库

   Add-Migration init
   Update-Database

6. 修改 ValuesController.cs 加入依赖注入

   namespace User.API.Controllers
   {
       [Route("api/[controller]")]
       [ApiController]
       public class ValuesController : Controller
       {
           private UserContext _userContext;
   
           public ValuesController(UserContext userContext)
           {
               _userContext = userContext;
           }
   
           // GET api/values
           [HttpGet]
           public async  Task<IActionResult> Get()
           {
               return Json(await _userContext.Users.FirstOrDefaultAsync(u => u.Name == "wyt"));
           }
       }
   }

7. 访问api

   

ASPNETCORE WEB API与MYSQL互联

• 修改 appsettings.json 与 appsettings.Development.json ，采用不同配置

  //appsettings.json
  
  {
    "Logging": {
      "LogLevel": {
        "Default": "Warning"
      }
    },
    "AllowedHosts": "*",
    "ConnectionStrings": {
      "MysqlUser": "Server=db;Port=3306;Database=beta_user;Uid=root;Pwd=pwd123456"
    }
  }
  
  //appsettings.Development.json
  
  {
    "Logging": {
      "LogLevel": {
        "Default": "Debug",
        "System": "Information",
        "Microsoft": "Information"
      }
    },
    "ConnectionStrings": {
      "MysqlUser": "Server=47.111.84.191;Port=3306;Database=beta_user;Uid=root;Pwd=pwd123456"
    }
  }

• 修改 Program.cs 设置80端口

  public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
      WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
          .UseUrls("http://*:80")
          .UseStartup<Startup>();

• 创建 Dockerfile

  FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:2.2 AS build
  WORKDIR /code
  COPY *.csproj ./
  RUN dotnet restore
  
  COPY . ./
  RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
  
  FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:2.2 AS runtime
  WORKDIR /app
  COPY --from=build /code/out ./
  
  EXPOSE 
  
  ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "User.API.dll"]

• 拷贝到Linux服务器上，并执行下方命令创建镜像

  docker build -t wyt/aspnetcore:pred .

  [root@localhost User.API]# docker build -t wyt/aspnetcore:pred .
  Sending build context to Docker daemon  .265MB
  Step / : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:2.2 AS build
   ---> 155911c343f3
  Step / : WORKDIR /code
   ---> Using cache
   ---> 3e2cb7223b3b
  Step / : COPY *.csproj ./
   ---> 6f6d88b83c75
  Step / : RUN dotnet restore
   ---> Running in c538c0a59636
    Restore completed in 3.85 sec for /code/User.API.csproj.
  Removing intermediate container c538c0a59636
   ---> 6e45bd786a9c
  Step / : COPY . ./
   ---> 50ac66ac3f97
  Step / : RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
   ---> Running in 9febf9972a3d
  Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 16.1.+g14b0a930a7 for .NET Core
  Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
  
    Restore completed in 667.65 ms for /code/User.API.csproj.
    User.API -> /code/bin/Release/netcoreapp2./User.API.dll
    User.API -> /code/out/
  Removing intermediate container 9febf9972a3d
   ---> a7c92c3fd98b
  Step / : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:2.2 AS runtime
   ---> c56aab97bc42
  Step / : WORKDIR /app
   ---> Using cache
   ---> 12d1df98dc50
  Step / : COPY --from=build /code/out ./
   ---> Using cache
   ---> b901e53b64f8
  Step / : EXPOSE
   ---> Using cache
   ---> c61ad551fa76
  Step / : ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "User.API.dll"]
   ---> Running in 36c66859c548
  Removing intermediate container 36c66859c548
   ---> 063fc4fe64ed
  Successfully built 063fc4fe64ed
  Successfully tagged wyt/aspnetcore:pred

• 运行容器，进行端口映射和容器关联

  docker run -d -p : --name aspnetcore --link mysql01:db wyt/aspnetcore:pred

• 成功访问
  

Docker Network

1. 创建新的桥接网段

   # 创建mybridge桥接网段
   docker network create -d bridge mybridge
   # 显示网络信息
   docker network ls

2. 通过桥接网络创建新的 aspnetcore 容器

   # 删除之前创建的容器
   docker rm aspnetcore -f
   # 使用mybridge桥接网段创建新的容器
   docker run -d -p : --net mybridge --name aspnetcore wyt/aspnetcore:pred

   我们可以通过命令查看容器 aspnetcore 的ip信息，为172.17.0.4

   docker inspect aspnetcore

3. 将 mybridge 桥接网段与 mysql01 进行桥接

   # 将mybridge网段与mysql01所在网段进行桥接
   docker network connect mybridge mysql01

   这时可以查看 mysql01 的ip，然后进入 aspnetcore 容器内尝试是否可以ping通

   docker exec -it aspnetcore bash
   apt-get update -y
   apt-get install iputils-ping -y
   apt-get install net-tools -y
   ping 172.18.0.3

4. 由于我们没有进行数据卷映射，所以配置文件无法更改，备注： appsettings.json 中使用的数据库为db，所以我们只能将 mysql01 改为 db

   # 容器重命名
   docker rename mysql01 db

   方法二

   # 进入容器
   docker exec -it aspnetcore bash
   ls
   apt-get install vim -y
   # 修改配置
   vim appsettings.json
   exit
   # 重启容器
   docker restart aspnetcore

5. 完成

   curl http://47.111.84.191:8002/api/values

   或者访问

   

制作 docker compose

1. 修改User.API项目

   # Startup.cs
   public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
   {
       if (env.IsDevelopment())
       {
           app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
       }
       app.UseMvc();
   
       UserContextSeed.SeedAsync(app,loggerFactory);
   }
   
   # /Data/UserContextSeed.cs
   public class UserContextSeed
   {
   
       private ILogger<UserContextSeed> _logger;
       public UserContextSeed(ILogger<UserContextSeed> logger)
       {
           _logger = logger;
       }
   
       public static async Task SeedAsync(IApplicationBuilder app, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
       {
           using (var scope = app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope())
           {
               var userContext = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<UserContext>();
               var logger = (ILogger<UserContextSeed>)scope.ServiceProvider.GetService(typeof(ILogger<UserContextSeed>));
               logger.LogDebug("Begin UserContextSeed SeedAsync");
   
               userContext.Database.Migrate();
   
               if (userContext.Users.Count() == )
               {
                   userContext.Users.Add(new AppUser()
                   {
                       Name = "wyt"
                   });
                   userContext.SaveChanges();
               }
           }
       }
   }

2. 安装docker-compose

   # 下载Docker Compose的当前稳定版本
   sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
   # https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64
   # 建议迅雷下载后进行重命名，这样速度快
   # 对二进制文件应用可执行权限
   sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
   # 测试安装
   docker-compose --version

3. 新建文件 docker-compose.yml 

   version: ''
   
   services:
     db:
       image: mysql/mysql-server
       container_name: db
       command: mysqld --character-set-server=utf8 --collation-server=utf8_general_ci
       restart: always
       ports:
         - '3306:3306'  #host物理直接映射端口为3306
       environment:
         MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: pwd123456 #root管理员用户密码
         MYSQL_USER: jeese   #创建jeese用户
         MYSQL_PASSWORD: pwd123456  #设置jeese用户的密码
         MYSQL_ROOT_HOST: '%'
       volumes:
         - "/home/wyt/beta/mysql-init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d"  #设置数据库自动执行脚本目录，目录要存在
   
     web:
       build: .
       container_name: aspnetcore
       ports:
         - '8003:80'  #host物理直接映射端口为3306
       depends_on:
         - db

   # 初始化脚本mysql-init/init.sql
   use mysql;
   ALTER USER 'jeese'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'pwd123456';
   ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'pwd123456';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4. docker-compose构建

   docker-compose build

   [root@localhost User.API]# docker-compose build
   db uses an image, skipping
   Building web
   Step / : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:2.2 AS build
    ---> 155911c343f3
   Step / : WORKDIR /code
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 7525de38c042
   Step / : COPY *.csproj ./
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 397affedf1a6
   Step / : RUN dotnet restore
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 964ce7a0de36
   Step / : COPY . ./
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 5d18774ff1df
   Step / : RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 3353849a8dd8
   Step / : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:2.2 AS runtime
    ---> c56aab97bc42
   Step / : WORKDIR /app
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 12d1df98dc50
   Step / : COPY --from=build /code/out ./
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 4e6819b010fe
   Step / : EXPOSE
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 2ee374887860
   Step / : ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "User.API.dll"]
    ---> Using cache
    ---> 2b06acc1b707
   Successfully built 2b06acc1b707
   Successfully tagged userapi_web:latest

   docker-compose up

   [root@localhost User.API]# docker-compose up
   Creating network "userapi_default" with the default driver
   Creating db ... done
   Creating aspnetcore ... done
   Attaching to db, aspnetcore
   db     | [Entrypoint] MySQL Docker Image 8.0.-1.1.
   db     | [Entrypoint] Initializing database
   aspnetcore | warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[]
   aspnetcore |       No XML encryptor configured. Key {67f35cc4-a4c3--ba07-7a0753ed0d09} may be persisted to storage in unencrypted form.
   aspnetcore | Hosting environment: Production
   aspnetcore | Content root path: /app
   aspnetcore | Now listening on: http://[::]:80
   aspnetcore | Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
   db     | --05T09::.358708Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.) initializing of server in progress as process
   db     | --05T09::.360043Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
   db     | --05T09::.360052Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] --collation-server: 'utf8_general_ci' is a collation of the deprecated character set UTF8MB3. Please consider using UTF8MB4 with an appropriate collation instead.
   db     | --05T09::.943704Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
   db     | --05T09::.131450Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.) initializing of server has completed
   db     | [Entrypoint] Database initialized
   db     | --05T09::.902213Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.) starting as process
   db     | --05T09::.903376Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
   db     | --05T09::.903389Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] --collation-server: 'utf8_general_ci' is a collation of the deprecated character set UTF8MB3. Please consider using UTF8MB4 with an appropriate collation instead.
   db     | --05T09::.456492Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
   db     | --05T09::.477501Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.16'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port:   MySQL Community Server - GPL.
   db     | --05T09::.558190Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock'
   db     | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
   db     | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds' as time zone. Skipping it.
   db     | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi' as time zone. Skipping it.
   db     | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
   db     | Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.
   db     |
   db     | [Entrypoint] running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
   db     |
   db     |
   db     | --05T09::.092496Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] Received SHUTDOWN from user root. Shutting down mysqld (Version: 8.0.).
   db     | --05T09::.191280Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
   db     | [Entrypoint] Server shut down
   db     |
   db     | [Entrypoint] MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.
   db     |
   db     | [Entrypoint] Starting MySQL 8.0.-1.1.
   db     | --05T09::.417600Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.) starting as process
   db     | --05T09::.419490Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
   db     | --05T09::.419504Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] --collation-server: 'utf8_general_ci' is a collation of the deprecated character set UTF8MB3. Please consider using UTF8MB4 with an appropriate collation instead.
   db     | --05T09::.858661Z  [Warning] [MY-] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
   db     | --05T09::.880107Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.16'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port:   MySQL Community Server - GPL.
   db     | --05T09::.066024Z  [System] [MY-] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port:
   aspnetcore | Application is shutting down...
   aspnetcore exited with code
   aspnetcore | Hosting environment: Production
   aspnetcore | Content root path: /app
   aspnetcore | Now listening on: http://[::]:80
   aspnetcore | Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

   # 停止docker-compose
   # docker-compose down

启动问题解决方式:由于docker-compose.yml文件中存在db依赖，所以要修改/Data/UserContextSeed.cs进行延迟数据库自动初始化

public static async Task SeedAsync(IApplicationBuilder app, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory,int? retry=)
{
    var retryForAvaiability = retry.Value;
    try
    {
        using (var scope = app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope())
        {
            var userContext = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<UserContext>();
            var logger = (ILogger<UserContextSeed>)scope.ServiceProvider.GetService(typeof(ILogger<UserContextSeed>));
            logger.LogDebug("Begin UserContextSeed SeedAsync");

            userContext.Database.Migrate();

            if (userContext.Users.Count() == )
            {
                userContext.Users.Add(new AppUser()
                {
                    Name = "wyt"
                });
                userContext.SaveChanges();
            }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        if (retryForAvaiability<)
        {
            retryForAvaiability++;
            var logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(typeof(UserContextSeed));
            logger.LogError(ex.ToString());
            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
            await SeedAsync(app, loggerFactory, retryForAvaiability);
        }
    }
}