Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证

目录

1       大概思路... 1

2       Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证... 1

3       Openssl生成SSL证书... 2

4       编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证... 2

5       编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证... 4

6       编写.NET WebApi的服务端... 6

7       编写.NET WebApi的客户端... 7

8       部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机... 13

9       Nginx集群配置搭建... 13

10     运行结果... 15

11     总结... 16

1       大概思路

l  Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证

l  Openssl生成SSL证书

l  编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证

l  编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证

l  编写.NET WebApi的服务端

l  编写.NET WebApi的客户端

l  部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机

l  Nginx集群配置搭建

l  运行结果

l  总结

2       Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证

Nginx在WebApi集群，除了OAUTH身份验证外，针对移动端的手机、平板电脑等，还经常使用Token令牌验证，通过服务器授权发出有效期的Token，客户端通过此Token在当前有效期内，进行访问获取信息数据。

Token验证在很多方面都广泛应用，举一个实际应用场景：A客户想通过接收邮件或者短信网址打开一个URL的PDF报表，但是又不想安装APP、或者访问我们的系统，连登录都不想登录。这时候，便可以使用一个有效期的Token，然后结合URL发送给用户，过了有效期，当前URL就失效。便可以解决用户临时访问的问题。

以下是本文讲述的主要结构图：

客户端输入用户名密码服务器，通过了用户名密码验证，其中一台WebApi服务器生成一个Token并返回https的响应。客户端收到Token保存在本地，带上token发出ajax请求、WebRequest请求，经过Action过滤器的检验，访问Action并返回数据。

Token令牌身份验证机制：

Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证，如下图所示：

3       Openssl生成SSL证书

请参照《Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi微服务》

http://www.cnblogs.com/yongfeng/p/7921905.html

4       编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证

CustomAuthorizeAttribute.cs

using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;

namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
    public class CustomAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            //判断用户是否登录
            if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)
            {
                string userInfo = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(System.Convert.FromBase64String(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));
                //用户验证逻辑
                if (string.Equals(userInfo, string.Format("{0}:{1}", "zhyongfeng", "")))
                {
                    IsAuthorized(actionContext);
                }
                else
                {
                    HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
            }
        }
        protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            var challengeMessage = new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
            challengeMessage.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic");
            throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(challengeMessage);
        }
    }
}

生成Token

BaseController.cs

using SSLWebApi.Models;
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// BaseController继承BaseController则需要身份验证
    /// </summary>
    [CustomAuthorize]
    [RoutePrefix("api/Base")]
    public class BaseController : ApiController
    {
        [HttpGet]
        [Route("Login")]
        public string Login(string userId)
        {
            if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(userId) == null)
            {
                return CreateToken(userId);
            }
            else
            {
                HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(userId);
                return CreateToken(userId);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成token
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userId"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string CreateToken(string userId)
        {
            Token token = new Token();
            token.UserId = userId;
            token.SignToken = Guid.NewGuid();
            token.Seconds = ;
            token.ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(token.Seconds);
            HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert(token.UserId, token, null, token.ExpireTime, TimeSpan.Zero);
            return token.SignToken.ToString();
        }
    }
}

5       编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证

WebApiSecurityFilter.cs

using SSLWebApi.Models;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
using System.Web.Http.Filters;

namespace SSLWebApi.Filter
{
    public class WebApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {

            if (actionContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName == "Login")
            {
                //登录成功则生成token
                base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                //判断token令牌
                HttpRequestMessage request = actionContext.Request;
                string staffid = request.Headers.Contains("userid") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("userid").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
                string timestamp = request.Headers.Contains("timestamp") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
                string nonce = request.Headers.Contains("nonce") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
                string signature = request.Headers.Contains("signature") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;

                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(staffid) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(signature))
                {
                    //令牌检验不通过
                    actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    //令牌检验token失效
                    if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid) == null)
                    {
                        actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
                        return;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //停牌检验2：判断timespan是否失效
                        Token token = (Token)HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid);
                        double ts1 = ;
                        bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts1);
                        double ts2 = (token.ExpireTime - new DateTime(, , , , , , )).TotalSeconds;
                        bool flag = (ts2 - ts1) > token.Seconds ? true : false;
                        bool tokenFlag = (token.SignToken.ToString() == signature) ? true : false;
                        if (timespanvalidate && (!flag) && tokenFlag)
                        {
                            //时间转换成功、时间有效、token值相等
                            //令牌通过
                            base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
                            return;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

6       编写.NET WebApi的服务端

UserController.cs

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
    [RoutePrefix("api/User")]
    public class UserController : ApiController
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取当前用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="msg"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        [Route("PostMessage")]
        public string PostMessage(dynamic obj)
        {
            return string.Format("当前输入的消息是:{0}", Convert.ToString(obj.msg));
        }

        [Route("GetMachine")]
        public string GetMachine()
        {
            string AddressIP = string.Empty;
            foreach (IPAddress _IPAddress in Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList)
            {
                if (_IPAddress.AddressFamily.ToString() == "InterNetwork")
                {
                    AddressIP = _IPAddress.ToString();
                }
            }
            return string.Format("当前WebApi部署的IP是：{0}", AddressIP);
        }
    }
}

7       编写.NET WebApi的客户端

WebApiHelper.cs

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;

namespace SSLWebApiClient.Common
{
    public class WebApiHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Post请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="url">url</param>
        /// <param name="data">数据</param>
        /// <param name="userid">帐户</param>
        /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Post(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
        {
            return PostData(url, data, userid, signature);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Post请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="url">url</param>
        /// <param name="data">数据</param>
        /// <param name="userid">帐户</param>
        /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T Post<T>(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
        {
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(Post(url, data, userid, signature));
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="webApi"></param>
        /// <param name="queryStr"></param>
        /// <param name="userid"></param>
        /// <param name="signature"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Get(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
        {
            return GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="webApi"></param>
        /// <param name="query"></param>
        /// <param name="queryStr"></param>
        /// <param name="userid"></param>
        /// <param name="signature"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T Get<T>(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
        {
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取时间戳
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetTimeStamp()
        {
            TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - new DateTime(, , , , , , );
            return ts.TotalSeconds.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取随机数
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetRandom()
        {
            Random rd = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
            int i = rd.Next(, int.MaxValue);
            return i.ToString();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Post请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="userid">用户名称</param>
        /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string PostData(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

                string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();
                string nonce = GetRandom();
                //加入头信息
                //当前请求用户
                request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);
                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
                request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);
                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
                request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);
                //当前请求内容的数字签名
                request.Headers.Add("signature", signature);

                //写数据
                request.Method = "POST";
                request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
                request.ContentType = "application/json";
                request.GetRequestStream().Write(bytes, , bytes.Length);
                //读数据
                request.Timeout = ;
                request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
                Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);
                string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

                //关闭流
                //reqstream.Close();
                streamReader.Close();
                streamReceive.Close();
                request.Abort();
                response.Close();
                return strResult;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return ex.Message;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="webApi"></param>
        /// <param name="queryStr"></param>
        /// <param name="userid"></param>
        /// <param name="signature"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetData(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
        {
            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(webApi + "?" + queryStr);
                string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();
                string nonce = GetRandom();
                //加入头信息
                //当前请求用户
                request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);
                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
                request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);
                //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
                request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);
                //当前请求内容的数字签名
                request.Headers.Add("signature", signature);

                request.Method = "GET";
                request.ContentType = "application/json";
                request.Timeout = ;
                request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
                Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);
                string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

                streamReader.Close();
                streamReceive.Close();
                request.Abort();
                response.Close();
                return strResult;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return ex.Message;
            }
        }

    }
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
namespace SSLWebApiClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string basicUrl = "http://localhost:20107";
            string html = string.Empty;
            for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
            {
                //https协议基本认证 Authorization
                string url = basicUrl + "/api/base/Login?userId=zhyongfeng";
                ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
                HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
                NetworkCredential credential = new NetworkCredential("zhyongfeng", "");
                req.Credentials = credential;
                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
                Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);
                html = streamReader.ReadToEnd().Replace("\"", "");
                Console.WriteLine("Token服务器保存时间为12s");
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format("服务器返回的Token值为:{0}", html));
            }
            //token设置了12s有效期
            for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
            {
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();
                string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/PostMessage";
                Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Post(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { msg = "hello" }), "zhyongfeng", html));
            }
            for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
            {
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();
                string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/GetMachine";
                Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Get(url, null, "zhyongfeng", html));
            }
            Console.Read();
        }

    }
}

8       部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机

将WebApi部署到以下10.92.202.56的3台PC机

9       Nginx集群配置搭建

通过自主义域名zhyongfeng.com：80端口进行负载均衡集群访问，则访问C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts，添加下列“本机IP 自定义的域名”：

10.93.85.66     zhyongfeng.com

Nginx的集群配置：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #server {
    #    listen       80;
    #    server_name  localhost;
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    #    location = /50x.html {
    #        root   html;
    #    }
    #}

    upstream zhyongfeng.com {
        server    10.92.202.56:560;
        server    10.92.202.57:570;
        server    10.92.202.58:580;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  zhyongfeng.com;
        rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;
    }
    # HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  zhyongfeng.com;
        ssl_certificate      server.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  server_nopass.key;
    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://zhyongfeng.com;
        }
    }
}

运行CMD：

D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>start nginx

D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>nginx -s reload

10             运行结果

• 访问集群：https://zhyongfeng.com

因只有其中一台计算生成了相应的Token值（这里只做其中一台，如果要三台都能够响应，可以用redis做相应的Token值存储）

其中一台10.92.202.58生成了Token值，运行结果如下：

• 访问指定的http://10.92.202.56:560

因Token值设定了12s后失效，则返回“远程服务器返回错误：<403>已禁止”，运行效果如下：

11             总结

Nginx基于SSL协议下，客户端利用 http basic身份验证，访问WebApi获得Token，通过Token值获取相应的权限数据，使系统的安全性有了保障，同时灵活运用Token身份令牌，可以实现时效性的数据访问。基于Token的身份验证，针对前后端分离有着很大的作用。例如手机移动端、平板电脑。

源代码下载：

http://download.csdn.net/download/ruby_matlab/10146669

PDF下载：

Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证.pdf