题目:

Given a collection of integers that might contain duplicates, nums, return all possible subsets.

Note:

  • Elements in a subset must be in non-descending order.
  • The solution set must not contain duplicate subsets.

For example,
If nums = [1,2,2], a solution is:

[
[2],
[1],
[1,2,2],
[2,2],
[1,2],
[]
]

代码:

class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> subsetsWithDup(vector<int>& nums) {
std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
vector<vector<int> > ret;
vector<int> tmp;
Solution::dfs(ret, nums, , tmp);
return ret;
}
static void dfs(vector<vector<int> >& ret, vector<int>& nums, int index, vector<int>& tmp )
{
if ( index==nums.size() )
{
ret.push_back(tmp);
return;
}
tmp.push_back(nums[index]);
Solution::dfs(ret, nums, index+, tmp);
tmp.pop_back();
if ( !(tmp.size()>= && tmp.back()==nums[index]) )
{
Solution::dfs(ret, nums, index+, tmp);
}
}
};

tips:

大体思路与Subsets类似(http://www.cnblogs.com/xbf9xbf/p/4516802.html

经过画图推演:dfs向左边走的条件不变;再向右边走时,如果当前节点的最后一个元素与即将要加入的新元素相同,则不往右边走了。因为再往右边走,右边肯定包含左边的重复子集了。

===================================

再补充一个增量构造法的迭代解法,代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> subsetsWithDup(vector<int>& nums) {
std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
vector<vector<int> > ret;
vector<int> none;
ret.push_back(none);
int pureNew = ;
for ( size_t i = ; i < nums.size(); ++i )
{
vector<vector<int> > tmp = ret;
size_t begin = ;
if ( i>= && nums[i]==nums[i-] )
{
begin = ret.size()-pureNew;
}
for ( size_t j = begin; j < tmp.size(); ++j )
{
tmp[j].push_back(nums[i]);
ret.push_back(tmp[j]);
}
pureNew = ret.size() - tmp.size();
}
return ret;
}
};

tips:

增加新元素前,判断nums[i]==nums[i-1]的条件是否成立;如果成立,则增量应该只作用于上一轮新增加的子集上,这样保证没有重复的;这个思路也很简洁。

学习了几个blog的思路:

http://bangbingsyb.blogspot.sg/2014/11/leetcode-subsets-i-ii.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/TenosDoIt/p/3451902.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuzhangcmu/p/4211815.html

完毕。

============================================

第二次过这道题,只用dfs的写法。再次画画图,理解一下。

class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > subsetsWithDup(vector<int>& nums)
{
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
vector<vector<int> > ret;
vector<int> tmp;
Solution::dfs(ret, nums, , tmp);
return ret;
}
static void dfs(
vector<vector<int> >& ret,
vector<int>& nums, int index,
vector<int>& tmp)
{
if ( index==nums.size() )
{
ret.push_back(tmp);
return;
}
tmp.push_back(nums[index]);
Solution::dfs(ret, nums, index+, tmp);
tmp.pop_back();
if ( !(tmp.size()> && tmp.back()==nums[index]) )
{
Solution::dfs(ret, nums, index+, tmp);
}
}
};

用深搜的好处就体现出来了。

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