Httpd服务入门知识-正向代理和反向代理

                                                作者:尹正杰

版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

一.正向代理和反向代理

启用反向代理
  ProxyPass "/" "http://www.example.com/"
  ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://www.example.com/"

特定URL反向代理
  ProxyPass "/images" "http://www.example.com/"
  ProxyPassReverse "/images" http://www.example.com/

示例:
<VirtualHost *>
  ServerName www.yinzhengjie.org.cn
  ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/
  ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/
</VirtualHost>

二.反向代理配置实战

1>.试验节点角色分配

node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn
  客户端 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
  提供"/"路径的服务 node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
  提供"/blog"路径的服务 node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
  反向代理服务器

2>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置

[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirror.jdcloud.com
* extras: mirror.jdcloud.com
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 2.9 kB ::
updates//x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB ::
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =======================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.-.el7 base k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base k Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 9.9 M
Downloading packages:
(/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
(/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total kB/s | 3.0 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 / Installed:
httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Complete!
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd

[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn<h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn<h1>
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN ::: :::*
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

3>.node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置

[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 2.9 kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/group_gz | kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/primary_db | kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB ::
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.-.el7 base k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base k Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 9.9 M
Downloading packages:
(/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.6 MB/s | 3.0 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 / Installed:
httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Complete!
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd

[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/</h1>
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN ::: :::*
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

4>.node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置

[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirror.jdcloud.com
* extras: mirror.jdcloud.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 2.9 kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/group_gz | kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/primary_db | kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB ::
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.-.el7 base k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base k Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 9.9 M
Downloading packages:
(/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_ FAILED ] 1.6 B/s | kB :: ETA
http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.nju.e
du.cn/centos/7.7./os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')Trying other mirror.
(/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total kB/s | 3.0 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 / Installed:
httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Complete!
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#

[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd

[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/proxy.conf
#ProxyPass "/" "http://node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn/"              #此处我将配置注释掉了,此时无法访问node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn,但是可以访问node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn,想要同时启用则不行,还是推荐使用nginx或者haproxy来做反向代理吧。
#ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" ProxyPass "/blog" "http://node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn/"
ProxyPassReverse "/blog" "http://node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn/"
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN ::: :::*
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#

5>.客户端访问

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# curl http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn/blog
<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/</h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

三.httpd服务的应用

  httpd主要应用在于web服务器,比如常见的lamp架构。

  httpd可以支持反向代理的功能,但和nginx,haproxy相比httpd显得有点逊色了。

  生产环境中httpd做反向代理的案例特别的少,因此不推荐大家使用httpd做反向代理,推荐使用专业的nginx或者haproxy来做反向代理。

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