Spring Boot使用单元测试

一.Service层单元测试：

代码如下：

package com.dudu.service;import com.dudu.domain.LearnResource;import org.junit.Assert;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic class LearnServiceTest {

    @Autowired    private LearnService learnService;

    @Test    public void getLearn(){        LearnResource learnResource=learnService.selectByKey(1001L);        Assert.assertThat(learnResource.getAuthor(),is("博客园"));    }}就是最简单的单元测试写法，顶部只要@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)和SpringBootTest即可，想要执行的时候，鼠标放在对应的方法，右键选择run该方法即可。

二.Controller层单元测试

Controller类：

package com.dudu.controller;

/**  * 教程页面 */@Controller@RequestMapping("/learn")public class LearnController  extends AbstractController{

    @Autowired    private LearnService learnService;

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @RequestMapping("")    public String learn(Model model){        model.addAttribute("ctx", getContextPath()+"/");        return "learn-resource";    }

    /**     * 查询教程列表     * @param page     * @return     */    @RequestMapping(value = "/queryLeanList",method = RequestMethod.POST)    @ResponseBody    public AjaxObject queryLearnList(Page<LeanQueryLeanListReq> page){        List<LearnResource> learnList=learnService.queryLearnResouceList(page);        PageInfo<LearnResource> pageInfo =new PageInfo<LearnResource>(learnList);        return AjaxObject.ok().put("page", pageInfo);    }

    /**     * 新添教程     * @param learn     */    @RequestMapping(value = "/add",method = RequestMethod.POST)    @ResponseBody    public AjaxObject addLearn(@RequestBody LearnResource learn){        learnService.save(learn);        return AjaxObject.ok();    }

    /**     * 修改教程     * @param learn     */    @RequestMapping(value = "/update",method = RequestMethod.POST)    @ResponseBody    public AjaxObject updateLearn(@RequestBody LearnResource learn){        learnService.updateNotNull(learn);        return AjaxObject.ok();    }

    /**     * 删除教程     * @param ids     */    @RequestMapping(value="/delete",method = RequestMethod.POST)    @ResponseBody    public AjaxObject deleteLearn(@RequestBody Long[] ids){        learnService.deleteBatch(ids);        return AjaxObject.ok();    }

    /**     * 获取教程     * @param id     */    @RequestMapping(value="/resource/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)    @ResponseBody    public LearnResource qryLearn(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){       LearnResource lean= learnService.selectByKey(id);        return lean;    }}

Controller的测试类：

代码如下：

package com.dudu.controller;

import com.dudu.domain.User;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.http.MediaType;import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic class LearnControllerTest {

    @Autowired    private WebApplicationContext context;

    private MockMvc mvc;

    private MockHttpSession session;

    @Before    public void setupMockMvc(){        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); //初始化MockMvc对象        session = new MockHttpSession();        User user =new User("root","root");        session.setAttribute("user",user); //拦截器那边会判断用户是否登录，所以这里注入一个用户    }

    /**     * 新增教程测试用例     * @throws Exception     */    @Test    public void addLearn() throws Exception{        String json="{\"author\":\"HAHAHAA\",\"title\":\"Spring\",\"url\":\"http://tengj.top/\"}";        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/learn/add")                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)                    .content(json.getBytes()) //传json参数                    .session(session)            )           .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())           .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());    }

    /**     * 获取教程测试用例     * @throws Exception     */    @Test    public void qryLearn() throws Exception {        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)                    .session(session)            )           .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())           .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))           .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))           .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());    }

    /**     * 修改教程测试用例     * @throws Exception     */    @Test    public void updateLearn() throws Exception{        String json="{\"author\":\"测试修改\",\"id\":1031,\"title\":\"Spring Boot干货系列\",\"url\":\"http://tengj.top/\"}";        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/learn/update")                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)                .content(json.getBytes())//传json参数                .session(session)        )                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());    }

    /**     * 删除教程测试用例     * @throws Exception     */    @Test    public void deleteLearn() throws Exception{        String json="[1031]";        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/learn/delete")                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)                .content(json.getBytes())//传json参数                .session(session)        )                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());    }

}

三.新断言assertThat使用

 基本语法：assertThat( [value], [matcher statement] );

• value 是接下来想要测试的变量值；
• matcher statement 是使用 Hamcrest 匹配符来表达的对前面变量所期望的值的声明，如果 value 值与 matcher statement 所表达的期望值相符，则测试成功，否则测试失败

使用例子：

字符相关匹配符/**equalTo匹配符断言被测的testedValue等于expectedValue，* equalTo可以断言数值之间，字符串之间和对象之间是否相等，相当于Object的equals方法*/assertThat(testedValue, equalTo(expectedValue));/**equalToIgnoringCase匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString*在忽略大小写的情况下等于expectedString*/assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));/**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString*在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString，*注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略*/assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);/**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );/**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));/**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));一般匹配符/**nullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值为null*/assertThat(object,nullValue());/**notNullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值不为null*/assertThat(object,notNullValue());/**is匹配符断言被测的object等于后面给出匹配表达式*/assertThat(testedString, is(equalTo(expectedValue)));/**is匹配符简写应用之一，is(equalTo(x))的简写，断言testedValue等于expectedValue*/assertThat(testedValue, is(expectedValue));/**is匹配符简写应用之二，is(instanceOf(SomeClass.class))的简写，*断言testedObject为Cheddar的实例*/assertThat(testedObject, is(Cheddar.class));/**not匹配符和is匹配符正好相反，断言被测的object不等于后面给出的object*/assertThat(testedString, not(expectedString));/**allOf匹配符断言符合所有条件，相当于“与”（&&）*/assertThat(testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );/**anyOf匹配符断言符合条件之一，相当于“或”（||）*/assertThat(testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );数值相关匹配符/**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));/**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));/** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));/** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));/** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));集合相关匹配符/**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );/**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));/** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));/** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));