python_自动查找指定目录下的文件或目录的方法

代码如下

import os

def find_file(search_path, file_type="file", filename=None, file_startswith=None, file_endswith=None, abspath=False) -> dict:
    """
    查找指定目录下所有的文件（不包含以__开头和结尾的文件）或指定格式的文件，若不同目录存在相同文件名，只返回第1个文件的路径
    :param search_path: 查找的目录路径
    :param file_type: 查找的类型，可缺省，缺省则默认查找文件类型，可输入值：file和dir,file表示文件,dir表示目录
    :param filename: 查找名称，精确匹配，可缺省，缺省则返回所有文件或目录，不可与file_startswith或file_endswith组合使用
    :param file_startswith: 模糊匹配开头，可缺省，缺省则不匹配,可与file_endswith组合使用
    :param file_endswith:  模糊匹配结尾，可缺省，缺省则不匹配
    :param abspath: 是否返回绝对路径，默认返回相对路径
    :return: 有结果返回dict类型，key为文件名，value为文件路径，无结果返None
    """
    filename_path = {}
    the_filename_path = {}

    if abspath:
        search_path = os.path.abspath(search_path)

    if file_type not in ["file", "dir"]:
        raise ValueError(f"file_type只能为file或dir，而输入值为{file_type}")

    def __find_file(_search_path):
        # 返回目录所有名称
        names = os.listdir(_search_path)
        find_flag = False

        # 如果查找指定文件，找到就停止查找
        if filename is not None and (filename in names):
            path = os.path.join(_search_path, filename)
            if file_type == "file" and os.path.isfile(path):
                the_filename_path.setdefault(filename, path)
                find_flag = True
            elif file_type == "dir" and os.path.isdir(path):
                the_filename_path.setdefault(filename, path)
                find_flag = True
            return find_flag

        # 如果根目录未找到，在子目录继续查找
        for name in names:
            # 过滤以__开头和__结尾的目录，以及__init__.py文件
            if name.startswith("__") and name.endswith("__") or name == "__init__.py":
                continue

            child_path = os.path.join(_search_path, name)

            # 如果是文件就保存
            if file_type == "file" and os.path.isfile(child_path):
                if file_startswith is None and file_endswith is None:
                    filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                # 保存指定结尾的文件
                elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is None and name.startswith(file_startswith):
                    filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                elif file_startswith is None and file_endswith is not None and name.endswith(file_endswith):
                    filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is not None and name.startswith(file_startswith) and name.endswith(file_endswith):
                    filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                continue
            if os.path.isdir(child_path):
                if file_type == "dir":
                    if file_startswith is None and file_endswith is None:
                        filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                    # 保存指定结尾的文件
                    elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is None and name.startswith(file_startswith):
                        filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                    elif file_startswith is None and file_endswith is not None and name.endswith(file_endswith):
                        filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)
                    elif file_startswith is not None and file_endswith is not None and name.startswith(file_startswith) and name.endswith(file_endswith):
                        filename_path.setdefault(name, child_path)

                _result = __find_file(child_path)
                if _result is True:
                    return _result

    result = __find_file(search_path)
    if filename is None:
        if filename_path:
            return filename_path

    if filename is not None:
        if result is True:
            return the_filename_path

目录结构

用法演示

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 目录下不存在文件时
    start_path = r".\二级目录"
    ret = find_file(start_path)
    print("目录下不存在文件时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    start_path = r".\一级目录"
    # 查找所有文件或目录
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file")
    print("查找所有文件：%s" % ret)
    assert len(ret) == 4
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir")
    print("查找所有目录：%s" % ret)
    assert len(ret) == 4

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定开始的所有文件
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="次级")
    print("查找指定开始的文件：%s" % ret)
    assert "次级目录1中的文件.py" in ret
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", file_startswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定开始的文件不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定结尾的所有文件
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_endswith="txt")
    print("查找指定结尾的文件：%s" % ret)
    assert "一级目录的文件.txt" in ret
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", file_endswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定结尾的文件不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有文件
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="txt")
    print("查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有文件：%s" % ret)
    assert "次级目录2中的文件.txt" == list(ret.keys())[0]
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="txt")
    print("查找指定开始不存在,指定结尾存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定开始存在,指定结尾不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定开始和指定结尾都不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定开始的所有文件
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="次级")
    print("查找指定开始的文件：%s" % ret)
    assert "次级目录1中的三级目录" in ret
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定开始的文件不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定结尾的所有目录
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_endswith="目录")
    print("查找指定结尾的目录：%s" % ret)
    assert len(ret) == 2
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_endswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定结尾的目录不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有目录
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="目录")
    print("查找指定开头和指定结尾的所有文件：%s" % ret)
    assert "次级目录2中的目录" in ret
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="目录")
    print("查找指定开始不存在,指定结尾存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="次级", file_endswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定开始存在,指定结尾不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", file_startswith="呵呵", file_endswith="哈哈")
    print("查找指定开始和指定结尾都不存在时：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("="*60)

    # 查找指定文件
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", filename="三级目录中的文件.yaml")
    print("查找指定文件：%s" % ret)
    assert len(ret) == 1
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", filename="asd")
    print("查找不存在的文件：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="file", filename="次级目录1中的三级目录")
    print("以文件类型去查找已存在文件：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

    print("=" * 60)

    # 查找指定目录
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", filename="次级目录1中的三级目录")
    print("查找指定目录：%s" % ret)
    assert len(ret) == 1
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", filename="asd")
    print("查找不存在的目录：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None
    ret = find_file(start_path, file_type="dir", filename="三级目录中的文件.yaml")
    print("以目录类型去查找已存在文件：%s" % ret)
    assert ret is None

演示结果