selenium3+python自动化50-环境搭建（firefox）【转载】

前言

有不少小伙伴在安装selenium环境后启动firefox报错，因为现在selenium升级到3.0了，跟2.0的版本还有有一点区别的。

安装环境过程中主要会遇到三个坑：

1.'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH

2.Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location

3.Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3

环境准备：

--python3.6

--selenium3.0

--firefox50

一、安装python

1.安装python这个简单，下载版本后傻瓜式安装就行了。

2.安装好之后，看下这个目录D:\python\Scripts，有没pip.exe和easy_install.exe（一般都有，没有的话得重新安装一次了）

3.将D:\python和D:\python\Scripts，添加到环境变量path下

二、检查pip工具

1.打开cmd,输入：pip,出现如下图界面，说明pip环境OK.

>>pip

2.要是出现异常提示：Did not provide a command，就看这篇解决：Selenium2+python自动化3-解决pip使用异常

三、安装selenium3.0

1.cmd输入：pip install selenium

>>pip install selenium

2.首次安装要看到100%完成，中途失败就重新多输入几次安装。

四、检查selenium环境

1.在cmd输入如下指令检查环境

>>python

>>from selenium import webdriver

>>driver=webdriver.Firefox()

>>driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

2.能看到浏览器正常启动，说明环境OK，如果遇到异常就继续看下面解决方案。

五、遇到第一个坑：'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH

1.如果启动浏览器过程中报如下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 81, in start
    os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

2.这个是因为最新的selenium3.0启动firefox需要geckodriver.exe这个驱动文件。

3.下载之后，配置到环境变量path下（可以直接放python根目录）

六、遇到第二坑：Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location

1.如果启动浏览器过程中报如下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 238, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line

2.这个是因为firefox.exe这个文件也需要配置到环境变量path下

3.这个路径就是安装完firefox后，找到firefox.exe这个文件的地址，加到path下

七、遇到第三坑：Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3

1.如果启动浏览器过程中出现如下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 238, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3

2.这个错误原因是firefox版本过低了，最新的selenium3.0版本支持firefox47以上的版本，升级版本就可以了

总结：整个环境的配置是python3.6+selenium3.0+firefox47以上版本，当然python用2.7版本也是可以的