selenium实战学习--定位元素

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.common import exceptions as ex
import lxml
import time

#获取到webdriver路径供调用
driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe')
#设置窗口大小
driver.set_window_size(1280,1000)

#设置全局操作超时时间
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
#通过webdriver访问网站
driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')

driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "账号登录").click()
driver.find_element(By.ID, "J-userName").click()
driver.find_element(By.ID, "J-userName").send_keys("*********")    #登录名自己用的填充
driver.find_element(By.ID, "J-password").click()
driver.find_element(By.ID, "J-password").send_keys("*******")      #登录密码自己用的填充明文
time.sleep(10)#等待30s，利用空隙手动输入验证码

#立即登录按钮有覆盖层，使用enter触发，ljdl.send_keys("\n")实现enter键触发
ljdl = driver.find_element(By.ID, "J-login")
ljdl.send_keys("\n")
print("1")
time.sleep(3)

driver.find_element_by_link_text("车票").click()
driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "单程").click()

#对StaleElementReferenceException异常的处理
try:
    driver.find_element_by_link_text("车票").click()
    driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "单程").click()
except ex.StaleElementReferenceException:
    driver.find_element_by_link_text("车票").click()
    driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "单程").click()
#from nanchang
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.ID, "fromStationText").click()
driver.find_element_by_css_selector( u"[title=ww昌]").click()

# to wuhan
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element(By.ID, "toStationText").click()
driver.find_element_by_css_selector( u"[title=ee汉]").click()

#date  at 18
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element(By.ID, "train_date").click()
#获取乘车日期的时候，选中日期右键“检查”，进入li  列表 copy selector
driver.find_element_by_css_selector( "body > div.cal-wrap >"
                                     " div.cal.cal-right > div.cal-cm > div:nth-child(16) > div").click()

# choose train type

time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#_ul_station_train_code > li:nth-child(3) > label").click()

time.sleep(5)

while True:
    try:
        driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click()       #click the button
        e=driver.find_element_by_id("YZ_5n0000Z12601")          #che de xinghao
        e.click()
        if e.text in [u'无','--']:
            print("no Tickets")
            time.sleep(2)
        else:
            print("yes")
            driver.find_element_by_link_text("预定").click()
            #选择乘车人，列表的第一个和第2个
            driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#normal_passenger_id > li:nth-child(1) > label").click()
            driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#normal_passenger_id > li:nth-child(2) > label").click()
            #提交订单以及确认提交付款
            driver.find_element_by_link_text("提交订单").click()
            driver.find_element_by_link_text("确认").click()

    except:
        pass
==============================================遇到的问题集锦====================================================
1、一直报错：unknown error: Element is not clickable at point (580, 47). Other element would receive the click: <label for="stb_1">...</label>
#立即登录按钮有覆盖层，使用enter触发，ljdl.send_keys("\n")实现enter键触发
ljdl = driver.find_element(By.ID, "J-login")
ljdl.send_keys("\n")

参考微博：https://www.cnblogs.com/shengs/p/11203221.html

2、报错：AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'click'

driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("#_ul_station_train_code > li:nth-child(3) > label").click()

查询资料说find_elements_by_css_selector中elements会elements集合，解决办法很简单，那就是去掉s，取单个即可

3、脚本第一次跑正常，第二次报错
解决办法很暴力：关掉重新跑

4、关于find_element_by_css_selector
对于蒙层，就打开蒙层然后右键--检查。获取蒙层list表，copy selector来定位元素，很好用，没有唯一id的时候非常好用
 

参考别人的写出来，但是自己也在不断修改不断尝试，期待自己的进步，感谢各位大侠的博客，让自己遇到问题不茫然，自学不孤独
本文参考代码：https://blog.csdn.net/github_37216944/article/details/79053781